1. The American Revolution

2. Vocabulary Sec 1 Warm Up 10-3
Define the following in your notes, use page 193 to help you!
Mercenary-
Strategy-
Rendezvous-

3. The American Revolution
20-30% were Loyalist
40-45% were Patriots
Rest remained Neutral
What does it mean to remain neutral?
Many loyalist worked for the British Gov’t and were Clergy for the Church of England.
Native Americans would be split
African Americans some would fight for British (5,000), some for America.

4. Washington Creating an Army
George Washington- Commander of the Continental Army
Problems in creating an army:
Congress asked men to enlist for only one year
Men went home
Number never exceeded 17,000
Congress inability to supply the troops

5. Trouble supplying the troops
Washington becomes frustrated:
“Could I have foreseen what I have, and am likely to experience, no consideration upon earth should have induced (persuaded) me to accept this command.”

6. British Mercenaries Washington drove British from Boston
Fought in New York for several months against Hessians
Why did Washington want to take New York?
Navy couldn’t deploy troops
British troops drove Washington back through New Jersey to Pennsylvania
December 25, 1776 Rowed across the Delaware to Trenton
Why December 25th?

7. British strategy Cut off New England from the rest of the country.
Seize the Hudson River Valley
Burgoyne, Howe, and St. Leger were to rendezvous at Albany, N.Y.
Howe and St. Leger left Burgoyne high and dry!

8. European Support France and Spain would help in the War effort.
Secretly
Until the Americans won at the Battle of Saratoga!
Help send supplies and troops
Now publicly supported the Americans
France wanted revenge on the British
Spain wanted to expand their empire!

9. Britain moves the War South
Wanted to gain the support of the Loyalist in the South
South had more British Loyalist
More slaves
Britain guaranteed freedom.
Two major port Cities
Savannah, Georgia
Charles Town, South Carolina (Charleston)

10. Francis Marion The “Swamp Fox”
Knew the swamps of South Carolina better than anyone else
Helped Gates navigate
Led Guerrilla attacks

11. Warm Up 10-9 Use your book to define the following key words: Ally
Bayonet
Desert
Privateer

12. Battle of Saratoga/Benedict Arnold
Gen. Haratio Gates- General in the Continental Army.
Gen. Benedict Arnold- Continental Army leader who led daring attacks at the Battle of Saratoga.
He would be wounded during the battle
Eventually he would become disgruntled
Would later be known as the worst traitor in U.S. history.

13. War on the Frontier George Rogers Clark Led the war on the Frontier
His victory protected America’s claim West of Appalachian Mountains

14. Help from Europe
By winning the Battle of Saratoga, the Americans encouraged the French and Spanish to join their effort for Independence.
This would force Britain to fight a number of enemies not only on land but at sea.
Example: The British were afraid that the French would attack the British West Indies. So they had to send troops there.

15. Marquis de Lafayette 19 year old French nobleman
He volunteered for Washington’s Army and quickly worked his way up and was put in command of a division.
He won the respect of his men, thus becoming a great leader.
Lafayette would use his own money to provide food, clothing, and shelter for his men.
Washington would regard him almost as a son.

16. Valley Forge
General Washington was forced to spend the winter of at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania
Many soldiers would desert from the army during this horrible time
Soldiers had little clothes, food, and shoes.
The snow would be covered in red due to those soldiers who did not have any shoes.

17. Valley Forge Cont’d
Roughly ¼ of the soldiers would die from malnutrition, exposure to the cold, smallpox, and typhoid fever.
Private citizens would bring supplies that would help the army make through the winter.
To this day the name Valley Forge stands for great hardships endured by Americans.

18. War at Sea Much of the U.S. Navy was made up of Privateers.
U.S. ships given permission by the U.S. government to attack British merchant ships.
They were allowed to sell the contents of the opposing ship and make money.

19. John Paul Jones
A famous officer who won one of the most famous sea battle in American history.
Commander of the Bonhomme Richard
He would ram the British ships
The British Captain of the Serapis demanded that Jones give up.
Jones replied, “I have not yet begun to fight.”
Jones was able to overtake the Serapis and sail away.

20. Battle of Yorktown Chesapeake Bay
France closed the water escape routes
George Washington attacked over land
Forced Lord Cornwallis to surrender
This was the final battle of the American Revolution

22. Treaty of Paris Officially ended the Revolutionary War
Most important condition of the treaty was that the U.S. was Independent
Boundaries would be the Mississippi River to the West, Canada to the North, and Spanish Florida to the South

23. American Advantages
Better leadership- British leaders were over confident. Washington learned from his mistakes and never giving up
Foreign aid- France helped greatly
Knowledge of the land- Americans knew the lands where the fighting was taking place.
Motivation- Fighting for their lives and liberty.

24. Cost of the War Americans- British- 26,000 dead and 1,400 missing
8,200 with permanent disabilities
Huge War debt that the U.S. needed to pay back $27 million
British-
10,000 dead
Loyalist lost their property
Between 60,000 to 100,000 Loyalists left the U.S.

25. Republicanism Republicanism- instead of a King, the people would rule.
Citizens elect a representative to represent them in government