1. CH 6 Federalist and Democratic-Republicans
Pg 210

2. Land Acquisitions of the U.S.
Things you must label, color, and date the year of…
Original 13 colonies
Land after the revolutionary war
Louisiana Purchase
Florida purchase from Spain
Texas Annexation
Mexican Secession
Red River Basin (Web/Ashburton Treaty)
Oregon Country
Hawaii Annexation
Gadsden Purchase
Alaska Purchase
Natural boundaries to label
Ohio River
Mississippi River
Appalachian Mountains
Rocky Mountains
Use the map at the front of class and on Pgs RA.. of your book

3. April 6, 1789, George Washington was unanimously elected the first President of the United States of America

4. To which he referred… “This is the event I have long dreaded”
and his feelings were… “Not unlike those of a culprit who is going to the place of his execution”

5. Section 1 Washington and Congress
In 1789 Congress created four departments essentially creating the first presidential cabinet
State
Treasury
War
Office of Attorney General

7. The Great Battle Begins
Thomas Jefferson -Secretary of the State – wanted a weak gov. the pushed for agriculture
Alexander Hamilton - head of the Treasury Department – wanted a strong industrialized state

8. General Henry Knox - Secretary of War
Edmund Randolph - Attorney General

9. The Judiciary Act of 1789 created the Supreme Court

10. John Jay became the first chief justice of the supreme court, 1789-1795
In 1791 the first 10 amendments, bill of rights, was added to the constitution

11. Financing the Government
James Madison and Alexander Hamilton came up with two different plans to fix the financial problems that were faced under the Articles of Confederation

12. Madison’s Plan to raise money
felt the government should tax imports to protect the private business
Tariff of 1789 –paid 5% on imports
This angered Southern Farmers because they would be charged higher rates to ship rice & tobacco & higher prices on imported goods!

13. Hamilton’s Plan to raise money
wanted the federal government to assume state debts from the revolution
Wanted Federal government assume all Cont. Congress’ debt at full value including BONDS
Supported Madison’s Tariff of 1789 (raise $)
wanted to sell government bonds for borrowing money
This also didn’t help Southerners especially angered those in Virginia (sold their bonds for cheap already)

14. Hamilton’s Thoughts on DEBT
“A national debt, if not excessive, will be to us a national blessing; it will be a powerful cement of our new union. It will also create a necessity for keeping up taxation…which without being oppressive, will be a spur to industry.”
-Alexander Hamilton

15. Madison & Jefferson Opposed Hamilton’s Plan! Compromise:
As a compromise to Southerners, the new capitol would be placed in the South called the District of Columbia
The original capital was in ?

16. National Bank Hamilton also asked for a National Bank
To organize the Nation’s deposits & money
Taxes and Tariff Revenue
To give loans to the government and individuals
To issue paper money
Encourage trade
Stimulate economic growth
Raise money by selling
Stock in the Bank!

17. Southerner’s Opposed! Northern Merchants would own most stock
Jefferson & Madison felt the bank was not within the Congress’ enumerated powers – specifically listed in the constitution (Strict Constructionist)
Hamilton argued it was an implied power – from article 1 sec 8 clause 18 (Elastic or Necessary and Proper Clause) (Loose Constructionist)

18. Loose vs. Strict Constructionists
This began the argument about the interpretation of the Constitution between
Loose Construction – “implied meaning” interpretation
Strict Construction – “word for word” interpretation

19. 1791 Bank of the United States AKA: The BUS
Washington signed the bill and the BUS was created for a 20 year period of time.

20. Whiskey Rebellion Whiskey Tax in Penn. In 1791
Western farmers rebelled
“Revolutions spawn Revolutions”
Hamilton demanded a show of force
Washington sent 15,000 troops to stop it and send a message that the rebellions were over.
Jefferson concerned: “Using an anvil to squash a gnat”

21. Rise of Political Parties
Factions: groups within a unit that disagree
The disagreement over the financial program had caused the split in Congress and would lead to develop the 1st system of political parties in the United States.
Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans

22. 2 Political Parties Federalists: Leader: Alexander Hamilton
Strong national government
Democracy is dangerous
“the people are turbulent and changing and seldom determine right” -Hamiliton
Government in the hands of the rich, well-born, and able. “Elitist”
The American economy would be based on industry and trade
Artisans, merchants, manufacturers, & bankers

23. 2 Political Parties…cont.
Democratic Republicans:
Leader: Thomas Jefferson & James Madison
Weaker central government/power to States
Nation of independent farmers (Agrarian Society)
Landowners should control the government
Federalists policies favored the North only
Supporters: Rural South and West (farmers)

24. Hamiltonians vs. Jeffersonians
Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans
Nat. government supreme/State government supreme
Ruling power: Wealth, educated / All landowners
Gov. should: Promote Manufacturing/Agriculture
Loose Constructionists/Strict Constructionists
Protective Tariffs: Aid Industry/Hurt Farmers

25. Section 2 Partisan Politics
The French Revolution began shortly after Washington took office in 1789

26. Federalist opposed it for its violence and loyalty to the French monarchy
Dem-Rep supported it because of its fight for liberty
Washington stayed neutral

27. 1793 France declared war on Britain. Washington said the U. S
1793 France declared war on Britain. Washington said the U.S. would stay neutral
Britain started seizing American ships to stop trade with France and so John Jay was sent to find a solution

28. Jay’s Treaty
Gave Britain the right to seize American cargo headed for France
Britain gave the U.S. most-favored nation status, meaning American merchants would be safe if they traded with Britain.

29. Pinckney’s Treaty
Thomas Pinckney negotiated a treaty with Spain in 1795
It gave the U.S. rights to navigate the Mississippi River and to deposit goods at the port of New Orleans.

30. Westward Expansion In 1792 Kentucky became the 15th state
Four years later Tennessee became the 16th

31. expanding west from Pennsylvania and farther north was limited by problems with Native Americans

32. Washington Leaves Office
Washington left office after 2 terms and being irritated by party politics and attacks on his character
In his farewell address he warned against
Sectionalism- dividing the country in regions
Political parties
Being too attached with any foreign nation

33. Election of 1796
1796 was the country’s first openly contested election
Federalist – John Adams VS Dem-Rep – Thomas Jefferson
John Adams won the election 71 to 68

34. 1796 Election Results (16 states in the Union)
John Adams
Massachusetts
Federalist 71
51.4%
Thomas Jefferson
Virginia
Democratic-Republican 68
49.3%
Thomas Pinckney
South Carolina 59
42.8%
Aaron Burr
New York 30
21.7%
Samuel Adams 15
10.9%
Oliver Ellsworth
Connecticut 11
8.0%
George Clinton 7
5.1%
Other -
Total Number of Electors
138
Total Electoral Votes Cast
276
Number of Votes for a Majority 70

35. 1796 Election Results -
Adams
Jefferson

36. Quasi-War with France
The French were angry with Jay’s Treaty and seized American ships going to Great Britain
Adams sent negotiators
French demanded bribes in what became known as the XYZ affair

37. Congress suspended trade with France and told the navy to capture French ships
Negotiations were reopened with the Convention of 1800 and the Quasi-War ended

38. War between the Parties
Criticism against Adams began to grow and he overreacted to the problem
Federalist pushed 4 laws through Congress known as the Alien and Sedition Acts

39. The first 3 said aliens in the country could not be citizens for 14 years, most of whom voted most often for the Republicans
The last prevented sedition, or incitement to rebellion and speaking out against government

40. The Republican legislatures of Kentucky and Virginia passed resolutions criticizing the Alien and Sedition Acts
Written secretly by Jefferson and Madison they said states created the Constitution and so had the power to say if a law was unconstitutional

41. Interposition
Virginia’s resolution said that states could interpose between the federal government and people and stop illegal action against the people

42. Nullification
Kentucky’s resolution said that if the federal government passed an unconstitutional law the states had a right to nullify the law or declare it invalid

43. Election of 1800 Showed a flaw in the system
Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr each got the same number of electoral votes
Goes to House of Reps to break tie…

44. 1800 Election Results (16 states in the Union)
Thomas Jefferson
Virginia
Democratic-Republican 73
52.9%
Aaron Burr
New York
John Adams
Massachusetts
Federalist 65
47.1%
Charles Pinckney
South Carolina 64
46.4%
John Jay 1
0.7%
Total Number of Electors
138
Total Electoral Votes Cast
276
Number of Votes for a Majority 70

45. 1800 Election Results
Burr
Jefferson

46. According to the constitution the House of Representatives (which is mostly federalist) votes for president in the case of a tie

47. With Hamilton’s help the house tied and no one knew what to do.
Jefferson promised not to dismantle Hamilton’s financial system and later won the vote

48. 1800 Election Results (Into the House of Representatives!!)
 1 vote for each State 
Thomas Jefferson
Virginia
Democratic-Republican 10
62.5%
Aaron Burr
New York 4
25.0%
Blank 2
12.5%

49. Sec 3 Jefferson in Office
Jefferson referred to the election of 1800 as a “second revolution”
The “Revolution of 1800”
Jefferson tried to integrate Republican ideas into Hamilton’s policies
He paid off the federal debt, cut government spending, and ended the whiskey tax

50. Rise of Supreme Court
Judiciary Act of 1801 created 16 new federal judges
Adams appointed these judges just before he left office and it became a huge scandal known as the “Midnight Judges”

51. Jefferson didn’t like the Federalist controlled courts and repealed the act
Marbury was furious! Wanted to be a federal judge…huge Federalist.

52. Marbury v. Madison
Justice Marbury sued Secretary of State James Madison for trying to block his appointment
John Adams, just after taking office, had chosen John Marshall (Federalist!)to follow John Jay as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

53. Marbury v. Madison
Marshall served for 34 years and he was the justice who heard the case and ruled in favor of?
His ruling established Judicial Review – the power to decide if laws (Judiciary Act of 1801) passed by Congress were constitutional
Marshall will shape the Supreme Ct. and add power to the Judicial Branch

54. Expanding West: LA Purchase 1803
In 1800 Napoleon convinced Spain to give Louisiana back to France in exchange for helping take control of part of Italy
By 1803 Napoleon was trying to conquer Europe

55. Short on funds, Napoleon sold the Louisiana Territory as well as New Orleans to the U.S.

56. The U.S. purchased Louisiana for $15 million
doubled the size of the United States
Helped Jefferson with an “agrarian society”
Also was considered very defensive foreign policy due to the fact it removed a European power from our border.

57. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were sent to survey the new land, they were aided along the way by Sacagawea

58. Essex Junto
convinced VP Aaron Burr to run for governor of New York in 1804 secretly hoping to succeed from the union
Alexander Hamilton called Burr a “dangerous man”
Burr challenged him to a duel, shot and killed him on July 11th 1804

59. Rising Diplomatic Tensions
As the war between Great Britain and France progressed the treaties with both began to fail.
The British attacked the American war ship the Chesapeake in 1807and enraged Americans

60. Also the British began to capture American sailors and force them to fight in the British navy – Impressment

61. Jefferson asked for the Embargo Act of 1807 – halting all trade with Europe and hoping to secure our safety (defensive) and stop conflict with England or France!
However, it hurt the U.S. economy more than Great Britain's (New England: MAD!)

62. Essex Junto
In New England, businessmen felt with the addition of the Louisiana purchase, the South and West would gain states that would take away their advantages in Congress
So they began to fight for secession

63. There were also many Americans at the time who wished to capture Canada from the British

64. Election of 1808
After Jefferson chose not to run for a 3rd term, the Republican party nominated James Madison
The Federalists nominated Charles Pinckney

66. The War Hawks
A group of Republican Congressmen from the South and West
Wanted war against Britain
Led by Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina and Henry Clay of Kentucky

67. Essay Question
Jefferson believed his election to U.S. president to be “a second American revolution”. Analyze the validity of this statement within the time period of