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AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Must have HIV first to develop AIDS
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HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus Retrovirus attacks the helper T-cells Helper T-cells help B-cells which increase antibody production & help increase production of Killer T-cells Killer T-cells: lysis (breakdown) of foreign cells
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HIV Replication Can only get into cells with certain markers Virus incorporates its envelope into the cell membrane Makes mistakes Main target—Helper T cells (CD4+)
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Progression of any HIV Infection Stage Initial infection Stage Asymptomatic Stage,, and Swollen lymph nodes Chronic disease AIDS—below 200 helper T-cells
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AIDS—indicator diseases Progression from HIV to AIDS Pneumocystis carini (PCP) Fungal pneumonia Kaposis soroma (KS) Skin cancer—deeper in tissues
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Statistics—U.S. 80% between ages 20- 44 88% are males 1/3 of people don’t know they are infected 40,000 new HIV infections each year ½ younger than 25
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More stats—U.s. Of new infections of men 25% injection drug use 75% sexual intercourse 30% white males 50% black males Of new infections of women 75% sexual intercourse 25% injection drug use 64% black women 18% white women
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Stats again 2006, 4.3 million new cases of AIDS were adolescents/adults 2000, 196 new pediatric AIDS Number of deaths fell from 67% from 1995-1999 Stats from: www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheets/aidsstat.htm
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HIV Transmission Not easy to “catch” Must have infected fluids and a way in: Blood Semen Vaginal fluids Breast
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HIV Transmission Entry points Cut/punctured skin Rectum Vagina Lining of male urethra Mouth
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Treating HIV Block binding and entry points of virus Interfere with nucleic acids: nucleoside analogs Interfere with protein manufacture: Norvir
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AIDS in Africa 334.3 million people in the world have AIDS 24.5 million in sub-Saharan Africa 119 million people have died from AIDS, 3.8 million under the age of 15 55.4 million new AIDS infections in 1999, 4 million of them in Africa 113.2 million children orphaned by AIDS, 12.1 million of them in sub-Saharan Africa
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Reduced life expectancy in sub- Saharan Africa from 59 to 45 and Zimbabwe from 61 to 33 More than 500,000 babies infected in 1999 by their mothers—most in sub-Saharan Africa Info from http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2 000/aids/stories/overview /
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AIDs in africa
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