1. Reproductive System By Katie Ust

2. Function  The primary function of the reproductive system is to produce offspring.

3. Reproduction Sexual  Sperm and egg fertilization  Receive two sets of different genes Asexual  No genetic contribution from another  Fungi – binary fission  Yeasts – budding  Water fleas - parthenogenesis

4. Spermatogenesis Vs. Oogenesis Spermatogenesis  Male primary sperm undergo meiosis to produce more sperm Oogenesis  Creation of an ovum  Meiosis in oocytes results in haploid oocyte and polar body  Unequal cytokinesis

5. Menstrual Vs. Estrous Cycle Menstrual Cycle  Endometrium shed if conception doesn’t occur Estrous Cycle  Reabsorbs endometrium if conception doesn’t occur  Most females are only sexually active during estrus phase of estrous cycle

6. Ovarian Cycle  Oocyte matures, it erupts from the ovary, travels down the oviduct to the uterus  Usually about 28 days  Hormones estrogen and progesterone present

7. Uterine Cycle  Uterus lining grows and prepares for an embryo to implant  If an egg is not fertilized the lining comes of (menstruation)  The pituitary gland releases follicle stimulating hormones (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) at this time

8. Development  Gastrulation takes place after cleavage and formation of a blastula.  Gastrulation is followed by organogenesis which develops the three germ layers: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.  A gastrula is formed by the ectoderm moving inward forming the endoderm with the mesoderm in the middle.

9. Germ Layers  Once the ectoderm is developed it forms the epidermis, or skin.  The endoderm becomes muscle, vertebrae, blood, blood vessels, bone, and a notochord.  The endoderm consists of your digestive and respiratory systems, including the organs involved.

10. Reproductive Disorder: Infertility  Unable to reproduce due to many factors like sexually transmitted diseases, medication (especially birth control) side effects, and uterine abnormalities  Treatments can include hormone therapies, artificial insemination, and in vitro fertilization  This happens to 15% of all couples.

11. Priapism  Priapism is a disease caused by alcohol and drug abuse or blood diseases and consists of persistent painful erections often lasting over four hours  Treatment is usually draining blood from the penis by a needle, sometimes medication is enough, but sometimes even emergency surgery is required in order to prevent future complications.

12. Sources  Med- help.net/Female/Reproductive/Disorders. html  Med- help.net/Male/Reproductive/Disorders.ht ml