1. Medical Science

2. Warm up Questions If your heart gave out, could they replace it with another? If your heart gave out, could they replace it with another? If there was no other heart on hand, could they grow you a new one? If there was no other heart on hand, could they grow you a new one? Could there be an exact copy, a clone of you, out in the world? Could there be an exact copy, a clone of you, out in the world? Can you genetically engineer plants and animals and combine their genes to form new “super organisms” like they do in sci-fi movies? Can you genetically engineer plants and animals and combine their genes to form new “super organisms” like they do in sci-fi movies?

3. Medical Science Advancements We will be looking at a variety of med-science advancements today We will be looking at a variety of med-science advancements today They may seem crazy They may seem crazy They may seem impossible They may seem impossible They may even scare you. (They should) They may even scare you. (They should)

4. Organ Donation Taking out a defective organ and replacing it with another person’s. Taking out a defective organ and replacing it with another person’s. The organ must be a “match” for the patient. (usually based on blood type, body proteins or genetics) or it will be rejected by the body. The organ must be a “match” for the patient. (usually based on blood type, body proteins or genetics) or it will be rejected by the body.

5. Organ Donation Some organs can be donated while still alive. Kidney, liver, skin, small intestine, pancreas. Some organs can be donated while still alive. Kidney, liver, skin, small intestine, pancreas. All other organs must be collected after the donor’s death. All other organs must be collected after the donor’s death. Can you transplant a brain into another body? Can you transplant a brain into another body?

6. Health Implications Living longer Living longer Saving lives Saving lives Advancing medical science Advancing medical science Some organs and tissues can even be grown in a lab, taking the donor out of the equation. How far can we take that? Some organs and tissues can even be grown in a lab, taking the donor out of the equation. How far can we take that?

7. Social/Economic Implications Selling organs for big $$$ Selling organs for big $$$ Stealing organs (you hear about that in Mexico) Stealing organs (you hear about that in Mexico) Black market organ trade. Black market organ trade. If multiple patients need one, If multiple patients need one, who gets the organ???? who gets the organ????

8. Gene Therapy Replacing faulty or absent genes to “cure” genetic disorders. Replacing faulty or absent genes to “cure” genetic disorders. Viruses are designed to target DNA and insert new genes into adult body cells Viruses are designed to target DNA and insert new genes into adult body cells This is extremely This is extremely difficult to develop difficult to develop

9. H Implications Treating incurable diseases. Treating incurable diseases. Stopping genetic conditions before they develop Stopping genetic conditions before they develop What side effects could there be? What side effects could there be?

10. S/E Implications Can you “improve” genes that aren’t defective? Can you “improve” genes that aren’t defective? At what point are you no longer yourself? At what point are you no longer yourself? If your genetic code is being If your genetic code is being fundamentally changed, fundamentally changed, are they still your genes? are they still your genes?

11. Cloning Creating an exact duplicate of an organism Creating an exact duplicate of an organism How to: How to: Remove the nucleus from an egg and replace it with the nucleus of an adult cell. Remove the nucleus from an egg and replace it with the nucleus of an adult cell. Implant that cell into the uterus. Implant that cell into the uterus. Clone should grow like a normal baby Clone should grow like a normal baby

13. Cloning Many animals have been cloned. Many animals have been cloned. Human cloning is illegal (that doesn’t mean it isn’t happening somewhere) Human cloning is illegal (that doesn’t mean it isn’t happening somewhere) Any animal that undergoes asexual reproduction produces a clone (plants do this a lot) Any animal that undergoes asexual reproduction produces a clone (plants do this a lot)

14. Cloning Grafting – implanting part of a plant to a “host” of another species so the new part grows on it. Grafting – implanting part of a plant to a “host” of another species so the new part grows on it. This is how Macintosh apples are all grown. This is how Macintosh apples are all grown.

16. HI Making clone for medical reasons /experimentation. Making clone for medical reasons /experimentation. Clones would be a great source for organs. Clones would be a great source for organs.

17. SEI Having a clone for spare parts. Having a clone for spare parts. Cloning political figures and replacing them Cloning political figures and replacing them Mass producing humans with desirable traits – making an army? Mass producing humans with desirable traits – making an army? How can you know that you are in fact unique…

18. Transgenics Genetically engineering a zygote to have more desirable traits. Genetically engineering a zygote to have more desirable traits. Genes from other organisms are implanted into the zygote to change its’ DNA. Genes from other organisms are implanted into the zygote to change its’ DNA. This is often called Splicing This is often called Splicing

19. Transgenics Have you encountered Transgenics? Have you encountered Transgenics? If you have eaten any corn or soy in the past decade, you probably have. If you have eaten any corn or soy in the past decade, you probably have.

20. Transgenics What kind of transgenics are out there? What kind of transgenics are out there? Fire breathing lions? Fire breathing lions? Flying humans? Flying humans? No, it’s much more mundane… No, it’s much more mundane…

21. Transgenics 1 st – Flavr Savr Tomato 1 st – Flavr Savr Tomato 2 nd – Monsanto Round-UP ready canola/corn 2 nd – Monsanto Round-UP ready canola/corn 3 rd – Pest resistant crops 3 rd – Pest resistant crops 4 th - Golden rice 4 th - Golden rice 5 th – food plants that produce vaccines 5 th – food plants that produce vaccines 6 th – livestock with more growth hormone 6 th – livestock with more growth hormone 7 th - Glofish 7 th - Glofish

22. HI No one knows the risks of eating transgenic foods. No one knows the risks of eating transgenic foods. Altering the genes can change the plants in unseen and unpredictable ways. Altering the genes can change the plants in unseen and unpredictable ways. What happens when we get to the stage of engineering humans??? What happens when we get to the stage of engineering humans???

23. SEI Vegetarians – implanting animal genes into plants Vegetarians – implanting animal genes into plants Companies owning genes – yes, they GMO’s they have created are now OWNED. If you are caught growing their crops without legal documentation, you will be sued for ALL YOU ARE WORTH. Companies owning genes – yes, they GMO’s they have created are now OWNED. If you are caught growing their crops without legal documentation, you will be sued for ALL YOU ARE WORTH. Owning parts of the human genome. (That doesn’t even make sense, but it’s happening!) Owning parts of the human genome. (That doesn’t even make sense, but it’s happening!)

24. SEI Controlling the market with a superior “product” Controlling the market with a superior “product” 90% of all corn in the US is Monsanto designed corn. They control the corn market completely. No one else can compete. 90% of all corn in the US is Monsanto designed corn. They control the corn market completely. No one else can compete.

25. SEI Human competitiveness – everyone will want their kids to be the fastest/strongest/smartest. Human competitiveness – everyone will want their kids to be the fastest/strongest/smartest. People who can pay for their children to be engineered will become “superior” People who can pay for their children to be engineered will become “superior” How far can we take human engineering? How far can we take human engineering?

26. SEI What about engineering other animals? What about engineering other animals? KFC Boneless chickens? KFC Boneless chickens? Bags of orange juice growing on plants? Bags of orange juice growing on plants? Plants growing organs or meat? Plants growing organs or meat? Maple trees that run pharmaceuticals instead of syrup in their stems. Maple trees that run pharmaceuticals instead of syrup in their stems. Margaret Atwood’s Chik-ee-nobs Margaret Atwood’s Chik-ee-nobs

27. SEI Is there any limit to where this technology will take us? Is there any limit to where this technology will take us? Worst of all. Worst of all. What if we implant human genes into our food products? What if we implant human genes into our food products? Yes… it’s happened Yes… it’s happened

28. As You Can See Transgenics are really Transgenics are really really really CRAZY CRAZY