1. Bell Ringer  What song(s) do you identify with a movie? How did that music affect your enjoyment of the film?

3. Introduction  Music has been an essential part of motion pictures from their earliest days.  In the same way we appreciate the camera and good acting, the music brings it all together at times and completes the picture.

4. The Beginnings  Thomas Edison and William Dickson invented the Kinetoscope in 1889:  50 feet of film that moved while an operator cranked it for the film to move

5. “Peep Shows”  Penny arcades  Became popular during this time and was the beginning of the motion picture

7. Thomas Edison  1896 he presented his latest invention:  Vitascope  This machine projected the Kinetoscope’s images on a wall  Audiences were soon flocking to storefronts called “nickelodeons” to enjoy this amazing new novelty  Now a public experience

8. 1 st Nickelodeon in the states

9. What did people watch back then?  Circus acts  Dances  Boxing bouts  Comic scenes  Normally accompanied by the continuous sound of the piano

10. Film as an art form!!!  Edwin S. Porter  1903 directed The Great Train Robbery  1 st successful western and the beginning of film as an art form

11. Music for Silent Films  Probably was never such a thing  Practical at first (noise)  Long before films had sound they were accompanied by music  A pianist or organist would improvise a musical score on the spot while watching the film on screen  Visual image is dominant, therefore the music is adjusted to go with the film

12. Edison Company  Introduced cue sheets to help the musicians plan for the appropriate music to go with the film  Added immediacy and life to the film that audiences loved

13. Erno Rapee  During the 1920’s he compiled a book of Motion Picture Moods for pianists and organists  Over 200 themes and 52 moods  Real talent was being able to match the moods of the music with the visual images on the screen

14. Keystone Comedy Company  Featured policemen known as the Keystone Kops  Slapstick comedy accompanied with wild piano music to add humor and excitement of the movement  Ex.

15. Popularity of Silent Films  Live musical accompaniment became more elaborate  By the mid 20’s symphony orchestras of 90 to 100 musicians were used for films  Scoring- composing music expressly for a film  The composer now assumed responsibility for the music for the film (very little time)

16. The “Talkies”  How could images and sounds be recorded and reproduced together?  1 st attempt:  Vitaphone- was used to create the first talking film  Sense of realism  Was not a satisfactory solution for long term

17. Soundtrack  A strip along the film to the side of the visual image that contained visual representations of the sound.  1933- was the first time that voices and other sounds could be overlaid and played together  This innovation led to the end of live music at shows

18. The Process  1 st - they view the film  2 nd - Spot- when the producer and director determine which scenes should have music  Very limited time for the composer so they must work rapidly  3 rd - Mag track- music recorded on film coated with oxide surface like sound tape ( before digital age)  4 th - Dubbing- putting all the elements of sound- dialogue, sound effects, and music-onto one track

19. The Purposes  Establish mood- “heart of the film”  Enhance the drama- depends on the type of film and may establish character (Superman)  Film continuity- unified flow of action from beginning to end  The return of the opening theme at the end of the film is commonly used to tie the film all together

20. Film music is important to a story  Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences recognize one song each year for an Oscar  2012 2012  Life of Pi – Mychael Danna Life of PiMychael Danna

21. John Williams  May be the most successful film composer ever  Began writing in the 1960’s  Made it big in the 70’s  Ex.  Jaws  Star Wars  E.T.  Raiders of the Lost Ark  Home Alone  Schindler’s List

22. Alan Menken  American composer known for:  Little Shop of Horrors (1982)  The Little Mermaid (1989)  Aladdin (1992)  Recent works:  A Christmas Carol  Pocahontas  TV series Lincoln