1. Chapter Measurement

2. Measurement Is a determination of the amount of something
Is defined as a comparison to a known standard
What does “5 feet tall” mean????
Do you have to know what a foot is in order for this to make sense?
Measurements have two parts, a number value and a unit

3. Units and Standards What is a standard ?
1.) Historically things such as hands and feet were used to make measurements, and other things were compared to that size.
2.) A standard is something that you compare other amounts to.

4. Two Measurement Systems
English system-used for everyday measurement in the US.
Include units of miles, feet, inches, pounds, pints, quarts, gallons, cups, and teaspoons
Metric System

5. Measurement
In 1960 an International Committee agreed to a system of standards to be used by scientists worldwide.
Scientists use the metric system or SI for le System Internationale d’Units
Makes sharing data easier
Goal for using metric system was to have all units of measurement be related

6. Metric System Units include a Base unit and prefix
Base units include Liters, meters, and grams
Prefixes multiply or divide the base units by multiples 10

7. Prefixes Prefix Symbol Meaning As a number kilo- k thousand 1,000
mega- M
million
1,000,000
giga- G
billion
1,000,000,000
deci- d
tenth
0.1
centi- c
hundredth
0.01
milli- m
thousandth
0.001
micro- m
millionth

8. Conversion factors…. 1000 milli-units = 1 base unit
100 centi-units = 1 base unit
10 deci- units = 1 base unit
1000 base units = 1 kilo-unit

9. 1. 2 Time and Distance Time is used in two ways
To indicate a particular moment in the past or the future
Tomorrow at 3:00
To indicate a quantity of time….
30 seconds minutes, 15 seconds

10. Measuring Length/Distance
Use a ruler/taper measure
Line up from zero not the end of the ruler
Small divisions are millimeters

11. Vernier Caliper
Micrometer
This reads 3.3

12. Mass
Weight is the force of gravity acting on an object, mass is the amount of matter in an object. (they are different things)
Metric unit of mass is the gram
1gram is defined as the mass of 1 cm3 of water at 4 ºC.
1 kg = 1 L of water
1 kg = 2.2 lbs
1 g = 1 small paper clip
1 mg = 10 grains of salt or 2 drops of water.

13. Measuring Mass Use a triple beam balance First balance it at zero.
Then put item on
Then move one weight at a time
When balanced, add up the weights

14. Volume Defined as the space occupied by some object or substance
Liter a common unit, cubic meter (m3) is SI unit 1 L about 1/4 of a gallon - a quart
1 mL is about 20 drops of water or 1 sugar cube
1 ml = 1 cm3

15. Measuring Volume of a Liquid
Use a graduated cylinder.
The water will curve in the cylinder.
Hold it level with your eye.
Read the bottom of the curve (meniscus)
Measures in milliliters mL.

16. Measuring Volume of a solid Object
Can be accomplished by using the “displacement method”
Objects in water will displace, or push aside, their volume in water.
1. Record initial volume
2. Record Final Volume
3. Subtract initial volume from final volume to get volume of object

17. Measuring Volume of Regular Solid Object
You can calculate the volume of a regular object such as a cube or rectangular solid by using the equation
Volume = Length X Width X Height
Volume calculator

18. Density Density = Mass Volume
Description of matter that is a comparison of mass and volume
Calculated using the equation
Density = Mass
Volume
Density of water = 1 g/cm3 = 1000kg/m3
If material density > water, it will sink
If material density < water, it will float

19. Temperature Measured with a thermometer
Common metric units are either Celsius or Kelvin
Measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules or atoms of a substance (faster ones have more KE and are “hotter”)
Water freezes at 0°C, boils at 100°C

20. Temperature Conversions

21. Time
Common base unit of seconds, but can be measured in hours/days/years/etc..
1 year = 365 days
1 day = 24 hours
1 hour = 60 minutes
1 minute = 60 seconds

22. Force
Use a force gauge to measure, or a spring scale like we use in this class
Measure in units of “Newtons”

23. Metric conversions Changing the unit
Does not change the size of the measurement
If the unit gets bigger the number gets smaller
If the unit gets smaller the number gets bigger
Math with multiples of 10
We will cancel out units to make sure we set the problem up right

24. Metric conversions
“A common race is the 5 K, which is 5 km. How many meters is this?”
Given unit -km
Unit wanted –m
The unit gets smaller, so the number must get bigger
1000 m = 1 km

25. Metric conversions 1000 m Distance in m = 5 km x 1 km
Distance in m = 5000 m

26. Metric conversions
The recommended daily requirement of vitamin C is 500 mg. How many grams is this?
1 g
mass in g = 500 mg x
1000 mg
mass in g = 0.5 g

27. How many centimeters are there in 5.7 meters?

28. 100 kilometers/hour is a typical speed limit in Canada
100 kilometers/hour is a typical speed limit in Canada. What is this speed equal to in meters/sec?