1. PACS and TELERADIOLOGY

2. DIGITAL PROJECTION RADIOGRAPHY DEPENDS ON COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY TO PRODUCE DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGE

3. DIGITAL PROJECTION RADIOGRAPHY
COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY (CR)
DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY (DR)

4. DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY vs COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY

5. X-RAYS DR
DETECTORS
ADC

6. X-RAYS CR
CR PLATE
SCANNER
ADC

7. CONVENTIONAL FILM DIGITIZATION
                           

8. DIGITIZERS TYPES
CCD
LASER

10. VIDEO CAPTURE
ADC

11. IMAGE DISPLAY

12. IMAGE CHECK-INDEX???

13. IMAGE MANIPULATION-WINDOWING

14. PICTURE DESTINATION -PACS

15. PACS

16. PACS IT’S A COMPUTER NETWORK
IT’S LINKED TO HOSPITAL INFO SYSTEM (HIS) AND RADIOLOGY INFO SYSTEM (RIS)

17. COMPUTER NETWORK

18. PACS

19. COMPONENTS OF FULL SERVICE PACS
IMAGE AQUSITION
IMAGE DISPLAY AND INTERPRETATION
IMAGE STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL
COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

20. IMAGE ACQUSITION

21. DISPLAY

22. STORAGE

23. SERVER
In information technology, a server is a computer system that provides services to other computer systems—called clients—over a computer network

24. COMMUNICATION -NETWORK

27. ARCHIVING
An archive is a collection of computer files that have been packaged together for backup, to transport to some other location, for saving away from the computer so that more hard disk storage can be made available, or for some other purpose. An archive can include a simple list of files or files organised under a directory or catalog structure (depending on how a particular program supports archiving).

28. ARCHIVING (STORAGE) MEDIA
MOD CD

29. MAGNETO-OPTICAL DISK

30. CD

31. PACS JUKEBOX

32. COMPRESSION FOR ARCHIVING
LOSSLESS
LOOSY

33. Lossless data compression is a class of data compression algorithms that allows the exact original data to be reconstructed from the compressed data. It reduces the file size of an image but results in exactly the same data after decoding,
Lossless compression is used when it is
important that the original and the decompressed data
be identical, or when no assumption can be made on
whether certain deviation is uncritical.

34. lossy data compression, which does not allow the exact original data to be reconstructed from the compressed data. It modifies the image such that the original pixel values cannot be reconstructed anymore, although the decoded image might look very similar or even identical when compared to it’s original

35. STANDARD OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PACS EQUIPMENT
DIGITAL IMAGING AND COMMUNICATIONS IN MEDICINE
DICOM

36. The standard for Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine.
Developed by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) in conjunction with the American College of Radiology (ACR).
Covers most image formats for all of medicine.
Specification for messaging and communication between imaging machines

38. COMPUTER WORKSTATION IN PACS IS CALLED:
A NODE

39. HARD COPY GENERATED IN LASER PRINTER

40. TELERADIOLOGY

41. Tele-radiology is the process of sending radiologic images from one point to another through digital, computer-assisted transmission, typically over standard telephone lines, wide area network (WAN), or over a local area network (LAN). Through tele-radiology, images can be sent to another part of the hospital, or around the world

42. CAPTURE OF THE IMAGES CONVENTIONAL FILM CAPTURE
DIRECTLY FROM THE MODALITY
DICOM FILE TRANSFER
VIDEO CAPTURE (VIDEO SIGNAL)
CONVENTIONAL FILM CAPTURE
DIGITIZATION
VIDEO CAPTURE (CAMERA)

43. STANDARD OF COMMUNICATION
DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) is a standard that is a framework for medical-imaging communication

44. COMMUNICATION MEDIA
Depending on data-transfer rate requirements and economic considerations, images can be transmitted by means of common telephone lines (twisted pairs of copper wire), digital phone lines (ISDN, switched-56, etc.), coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, microwave, satellite, and frame relay or T1 telecommunication links.

45. IMAGE COMPRESSION
Although images should be permanently archived as raw data or with only lossless data compression (no data is destroyed), hardware and software technology exists that allows teleradiology systems to compress digital images into smaller file sizes so that the images can be transmitted faster

46. TRANSMISSION SPEED FACTORS:
TYPE OF COMMUNICATION MEDIA
ORIGINAL IMAGE FILE SIZE
(PIXELS + DYNAMIC RANGE)
IMAGE COMPRESSION RATIO

47. OVERREAD NETWORK
While most teleradiology systems purchased over the last decade were intended for on-call purposes, the past two years have seen a rapid increase in the use of teleradiology to link hospitals and affiliated satellite facilities, other primary hospitals, and imaging centers. A number of the enabling technologies needed for effective overread networks, such as more affordable high-speed telecommunications networks and improved data compression techniques, have matured in recent years.

48. NightHawk Radiology Services has developed an innovative approach to the delivery of radiology services by operating centralized, state-of-the-art reading centers in Sydney, Australia and Zurich, Switzerland. Staffing U.S.-trained, board-certified radiologists specializing in emergency radiology, these locations are ideally situated for U.S. care because when it’s the middle of the night in Boston, it’s daytime “Down Under.” When it’s early morning in Los Angeles, it’s daytime in the Alps. From the centralized reading centers, NightHawk radiologists interpret exams and report the results to attending physicians in real-time, usually less than 20 minutes.