1. The Columbian Exchange

2. Definition: The transfer of peoples, animals, plants and diseases between the New and the Old Worlds. Resulted from the European invasions of the late 15 th and early 16 th centuries  opened the door between the two worlds.

3. Disease and its Effect on the Amerindians: The peoples of the New World lacked the immunity to diseases introduced from the Old World. Therefore, the first and most significant exchange between the two worlds was disease. Historians estimate that anywhere from 50 to 80 percent of Native American Indians perished -- from 33 to 50 million to 4.5 million.

4. In the century following the triumph of Cortes in 1521, the population of central Mexico fell from 13 to 25 million to 700,000. 75 percent of the Maya disappeared Inca Empire  9 million to 600,000 main culprit  smallpox, which arrived in 1518 in the Caribbean, but measles, diphtheria, typhus, influenza, whooping cough, dysentery, cholera, pneumonic plague also arrived

5. Amerindians transfer of disease to Europeans was syphilis, the only significant disease believed to have been transferred from the Americas to Europe – Syphilis rapidly spread in Europe around 1500, with a very high mortality rate – Still the Columbian exchange was unequal in terms of transmission of disease

6. Plants: Exchange of plants and animals radically changed the diet and lifestyles of peoples in the Old World and the New World The Europeans brought to the New World: wheat, olives, grapes, and garden vegetables African and Asian crops brought to the New World: rice, bananas, coconuts, and sugar cane From the New World: cassava, beans, squash, tomatoes, Sweet potatoes, peanuts, chilies, chocolate, and tobacco

7. The rapid growth of world population after 1700 was due in large part to the spread of these useful crops, especially potatoes and corn.

8. Animals: Introduction of European livestock included cattle, pigs, horses, and sheep. Europeans also brought over rats and rabbits Most striking affect on the cultures of the New World was the horse, introduced by the Spanish. By the 1520’s, there were large wild herds of horse, which the Native Americans began to capture and use, especially on the Great Plains. Tribes that had relied on agriculture then relied on hunting buffalo year-round; these tribes became nomadic, roaming the plains and living in teepees.

9. From the New World: guinea pigs, turkey, and llamas

10. Identity: Mayas Incas Aztecs Conquistadores Hernan Cortes Francisco Pizarro

11. Work, Exchange, Technology Columbian Exchange Disease Horses Encomienda system Mission system slavery

12. Peopling Migration to America Land bridge Amerindians: Iroquois, Algonquian, Sioux

13. Politics & Power Henry the Navigator; Portuguese explore West Africa Slave trade established Ferdinand and Isabella unify Spain Treaty of Tordesillas

14. America in the World The Atlantic Slave Trade

15. Environment & Geography Search for resources: John Cabot Samuel Champlain Henry Hudson

16. Ideas, Beliefs & Culture Bartolome de Las Casas Catholic view of Native American Indians Aztecs Incans Mayas