1. Operations Management
Pertemuan ke 5 - Manajemen Bisnis & Kewirausahaan
By Heru Priyanto, ST, MBA

2. Business Model Canvas Operation Aspect Marketing Aspect HR Aspect
Financial Aspect

3. What is Operations Management?
OM is defined as the design, operation and improvement of the systems that create and deliver the firms primary products and services

4. Input-Output Transformation Examples
System
Primary Input
Resources
Transformation Process
Output
Hospital
Patients
MD, Nurses, Equipment
Health caring
Healthy Individual
Restaurant
Hungry Customers
Food, Chef, Waitress
Well prepared & served food
Satisfied Customers
College/University
High School Graduates
Teachers, Classrooms, Books, Broadband Connectivity
Imparting knowledge & skill
Educated Individuals
Department Store
Shoppers
Displays, stock of goods, sales clerks
Attract shopper, promote, filling orders
Sales to satisfied customers
Airline
Travelers
Airplane, crews, ticketing systems
Moving to destination
On time, satisfied travelers

5. What about Telecommunication Operators?
System
Primary Input
Resources
Transformation Process
Output
Telco Operators
Orang yg butuh komunikasi jarak jauh
Pegawai
Jaringan
BTS
Server
Switching
Transmission
Menghubungkan satu orang dgn yg lain agar bisa berkomunikasi dgn suara,text, gambar, video
Orang yang terpenuhi /terpuaskan kebutuhan komunikasinya

6. Output: Is it a product or a service?
Tangible
Intangible
Physical Appearance
Factory
No Specific Factory
Production
PRODUCTS
SERVICES
Production First, then Consumption
Production & Consumption at the same time
Consumption
Indirect
Direct
Producer – Consumer Interaction

7. Process Analysis
Process: any part of an organization that takes inputs and transforms them into outputs that, it is hoped, are greater of value to the organization than the original inputs

8. Process Flowcharting Flowchart symbols: : Task or Operation
: Decision Points
: Storage Area or Queue or Waiting line
: Flow of material/ customers

9. Types of Process Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Multistage Process Stage 1
Buffer
Multistage Process
Stage 1
Stage 3
Multistage Process with Buffer
Stage 3
Buffer
Different Products produces
Stage 3
Buffer
Alternative Paths
Stage 3
Buffer
Stage 3

10. Process Performance Metrics
Batch Size
Time
/Unit
Setup Time
Queue Time
Run Time
Operation Time
Throughput Time
Cycle Time
Standards
Velocity
Throughput Rate
Efficiency
Productivity
Inputs
Time Available
Utilization
Time Activated
Operation Time = Setup Time + Run Time
Throughput Time = Average Time for a unit to move through the system
Velocity = Throughput Time/Value Added Time
Cycle Time = Average Time between completion of units
Throughput Rate = 1 / Cycle Time
Efficiency = Actual Output / Standard Output
Productivity = Output / Input
Utilization = Time Activated / Time Available

11. Product Design Process
Marketing & Sales
Product Development
Manufacturing
New Product Ideation
Needs
Marketing
Research
Technical Concept
Promotion
Product Specification
Customer Market System
Product Design
Process Planning
Production
Calls
Sales
Production Order
Orders
Products

12. Designing for the Customers: Quality Function Deployment

13. Process Flow Structures
Job Shop : small batches of a large number different of products. Mostly Custom Designed products
Batch Shop : standardized job shop. Stable line of products.
Assembly Line : discrete part moving from workstation to workstation at a controlled rate, following the sequence to build the product. Ex: toys
Continuous Flow : like an assembly line, but in continuous form. Conversion undifferentiated materials such as petroleum, chemical

14. Total Quality Management
Managing the entire organization so that it excels on all dimension of products and services that are important to customer
What is Quality ?

15. Six Sigma & ISO Six Sigma Quality (from General Electric) ISO
Methodology to eliminate defects in the products and processes
Defect is any component that does not fall within the customer’s spec limits. (3 )
ISO
ISO 9000 A series of standards agreed upon by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) . Adopted in 1987.
ISO : to control the impact of an organization ‘s activities and outputs on the environment.

16. Analytical Tools Flowcharts Run Charts Pareto Charts Check sheets
Cause & effect diagrams
Control Charts
Opportunity flow diagram

17. Forecasting Forecasting types: Qualitative Grass roots Market research
Causal relationships
Regression analysis
Econometric models
Input/output models
Leading indicators
Simulation
Forecasting types:
Qualitative
Grass roots
Market research
Panel consensus
Historical Analogy
Delphi Method
Time series analysis
Simple Moving Average
Weighted moving Average
Exponential smoothing
Regression analysis
Trend Projections

18. Inventory Control
Inventory Definition: is the stock of any item or resources used in an organization
Inventory System: is the set of policies and controls that monitor levels of inventory and determine what levels should be maintained, when stock should be replenished, how large orders should be.
The basic purpose of inventory analysis is to specify:
When items should be ordered
How large the order should be

19. Inventory Control Why do we keep an inventory? Inventory Cost
To maintain independence operation
To meet variation in product demand
To allow flexibility in production scheduling
To provide a safeguard for variation in raw material delivery time
To take advantage of economic purchase order size
Inventory Cost
Holding Cost
Setup Cost
Ordering Cost
Shortage Cost

20. Next Section : Human Resources Management
END OF THIS SECTION
Next Section : Human Resources Management