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The World Economy Chapter 16 pg. 348-366
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The West’s First Outreach post-1300 : Consistent exploration & curiosity of the world increased remarkably –Fueled by late postclassical developments –Yet initially obstacles existed
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Chinese compass & explosives Arab lateen sail Chinese sternpost rudder Arab lateen sail Arab portolan charts & maps New Technology: Key to Power
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Portugal & Spain lead the Pack Motivated by money, excitement, & desire to circumvent Islamic lands Portugal pushed south & east around Africa Spanish fleets sailed west
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Northern European Expeditions Dutch and English (& French) use superior ships to replace naval dominance of Spanish & Portuguese Government sponsored trading companies dominated these early colonies
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Question Based on your reading, record the regions controlled and colonies established by the following countries: Portugal = Spain = Netherlands = England =
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Toward a World Economy Three changes arose from European exploration –Columbian Exchange –New Import-Export Patterns –Emergence of new overseas empires
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Columbian Exchange Columbian Exchange = diaspora of new plants, animals & diseases between the old & new worlds following Columbus’ discovery –Major demographic effects –Europe affected slowest
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West’s Commercial Outreach West dominated ocean trade routes, without fully replacing old players Europeans, without inland colonies, dominated ports
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Imbalances in World Trade Europe expands manufacturing sector World economic patterns of have’s & have- not’s established: –Core Nations –Dependent Nations
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Question Explain mercantilism. Analyze the benefits experienced by core nations from such a system.
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International Inequality Emerging market system created durable inequalities –Rise of coercive labor systems –Limits = many areas not yet effected by market
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World Economy? Some (China) benefitted w/out fully participating –Gov regulation remained strong –Manufacturing allowed for strong export position Others (Japan) had a change of heart While many societies largely focused on internal development: –India (Mughal Empire); Middle East (Ottomans & Safavids) –Korea; Africa; Russia
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Expansionist Trend Increasingly areas brought into trade networks b/t 1450-1750 –Europeans begin to view societies as sources of wealth rather than partners India Eastern Europe
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World Economy & the Americas Chapter 16 pg. 359-364
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Colonial Expansion Americas: Spanish Colonies Substantial advantages (guns, germs, steel) led to unscrupulous treatment pre-1550 : loose control, motivated by booty post-1550 : tight colonial control, motivated by state profit
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Americas: British/French Colonies Colonies largely ignored, but settlers attempt to recreate European society (see: pg.364, “North America & Western Civ”) ↳ Loose control, low profitability Emerging commerce & manufacturing Independent assemblies Less impacted by native culture
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Africa & Asia: Coastal Trading Africa –Inland exploration & colonies limited by geography & disease –exception: Cape Colony (Boers) SE Asia South Asia –Gradually British East India Co. increased control
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Impact on Western Europe Three major impacts –Economic –Diplomatic Seven Years War = first world war? –Daily life Impact of the New World Order Dependency deepened by coercive labor Yet Columbian Exchange & trade addressed scarcity
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Global Connections Its complex. –How? Genuine shift was beginning. –Who wins and who loses?
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