1. Communication In Our Lives, Fifth Edition by Julia T. Woods Chapter 16 Organizing and Presenting Public Speeches

2. Organizing Speeches  Organizing oral communication differs from organizing written communication in three ways:  requires more explicit organization  benefits from greater redundancy  should rely on less complex sentence structures

3. Outlining Speeches  Working outline  just for the speaker, multiple drafts  Formal outline  includes all main points, supporting materials, and transitions (Table 16.1)  Key word outline  designed to trigger a speaker’s memory of each point

4. Organizing the Body  Time pattern  temporal, chronological relationships  Spatial pattern  physical relationships  Topical pattern  categories, classes, areas of discussion  Star pattern  flexible arrangement of topics

5. Organizing (cont’d)  Wave pattern  repetition, each idea buildings up to a main point (“I Have a Dream” speech)  Comparative pattern  compares two or more objects, people, situations, etc.  Problem-solution pattern  effective for persuasive speeches

6. Organizing (cont’d)  Cause-effect and effect-cause patterns  argues a direct relationship between two things

7. Designing the Introduction  Gain listeners’ attention and motivate them to listen  question  personal involvement  startling evidence  quotation  dramatic example

8. Designing the Introduction (cont’d)  Present a clear thesis statement  Build credibility  Preview the body (major points)

9. Crafting the Conclusion  Concisely summarize content  Provide a final memorable thought

10. Transitions  Words, sentences, or nonverbal cues that connect ideas and main points in a speech

11. Communication Apprehension  Some degree of anxiety about communicating in some situations  Causes of communication apprehension  situational  chronic

12. Reducing Apprehension  Systematic desensitization  Cognitive restructuring  Positive visualization  Skills training

13. Oral Style  Visual, vocal, and verbal communication with listeners  Effective oral communication is  informal  personal  immediate and active

14. Styles of Delivery  Impromptu  Extemporaneous  Manuscript  Memorized

15. Practice!  Practice

16. Websites  Toastmasters International Toastmasters International Toastmasters International  Includes free resources and listings of Toastmasters clubs in your area  American Rhetoric American Rhetoric American Rhetoric  Includes full text, audio, and video files of the top 100 speeches in the 20 th century  Speaking-Tips.com Speaking-Tips.com  Executive Communications Group Executive Communications Group Executive Communications Group  Articles and re-prints on communication and presentation skills

17. Video PLAY VIDEO Hate Crimes by Mariah Morgan

18. Video PLAY VIDEO Speech of Introduction using a Collage by Adam Currier