2. ORAL EXAMINATION INDIVIDUAL PRESENTATION

3. What you should know about Part one? What is an individual presentation? What is an individual presentation? What is an individual presentation? What is an individual presentation? How long are the reading passages? How long are the reading passages? How long are the reading passages? How long are the reading passages? What are the reading passages about? What are the reading passages about? What are the reading passages about? What are the reading passages about? Will the passages be difficult to understand? Will the passages be difficult to understand? Will the passages be difficult to understand? Will the passages be difficult to understand?

4. What you should do about Part one? What should I do in the 10-minute preparation time? What should I do in the 10-minute preparation time? What should I do in the 10-minute preparation time? What should I do in the 10-minute preparation time? So what are the key words in the passage? So what are the key words in the passage? So what are the key words in the passage? So what are the key words in the passage? How can I avoid copying excessively from the passage? How can I avoid copying excessively from the passage? How can I avoid copying excessively from the passage? How can I avoid copying excessively from the passage? What kind of information should I note down? What kind of information should I note down? What kind of information should I note down? What kind of information should I note down? How should I organise my notes? How should I organise my notes? How should I organise my notes? How should I organise my notes? What should I include in my presentation? What should I include in my presentation? How do I make my presentation lively and interesting? How do I make my presentation lively and interesting?

5. What is an individual presentation? An individual presentation is a natural o_____account of your reading passage. It should be based on your r______ passage and given in your o___ words. In order to make it ‘n______’, you should speak clearly and animatedly. You should make your presentation in an in______ way, as if you were telling a s_____ to a small group of people. You should also make frequent e__ contact with the other group members and the examiners during your presentation.

6. What is an individual presentation? An individual presentation is a natural oral account of your reading passage. It should be based on your reading passage and given in your own words. In order to make it ‘natural’, you should speak clearly and animatedly. You should make your presentation in an informal way, as if you were telling a story to a small group of people. You should also make frequent eye contact with the other group members and the examiners during your presentation.

7. How long are the reading passages?

8. What are the reading passages about? The passage will usually be in the form of an article or report, and are normally divided into four paragraphs. The passage will usually be in the form of an article or report, and are normally divided into four paragraphs. The passage cover topics that are thought to be interesting, current and relevant to you. That means that they may be related to your experiences at home or at school The passage cover topics that are thought to be interesting, current and relevant to you. That means that they may be related to your experiences at home or at school.

9. Examples of the passages: (1996)  Passage A: Teachers on strike in Russia  Passage B: Violence in Bulgarian schools  Passage C: Kidnapped teachers in the Philippines  Passage D: Hurricane damages schools So each passage is different. However, a general theme links the passages together, and this theme will be the focus of Part Two, the group discussion.

10. Will the passages be difficult to understand? The guidelines say the the passages should be easily read and understood should be easily read and understood by virtually all candidates. by virtually all candidates.

11. What should I do in the 10-minutes preparation time? You should read carefully all the instructions, even if you think you are already familiar with the procedures for the examination. You should read carefully all the instructions, even if you think you are already familiar with the procedures for the examination. You should read the passage provided. You may take notes on the note-card using either a pencil or a pen. The passage will be taken away from you before you begin Part One, but you can keep the note-card during the presentation. You should read the passage provided. You may take notes on the note-card using either a pencil or a pen. The passage will be taken away from you before you begin Part One, but you can keep the note-card during the presentation. The preparation time of 10 minutes should be enough time for you to read the instructions, read the passage, and take notes. The preparation time of 10 minutes should be enough time for you to read the instructions, read the passage, and take notes.

12. Read the instructions: DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE Candidate A Preparation Time (Total time; 10 minutes) Part One – Individual Presentations 9 1-1/2__2 minutes each; total time: 8minutes) Read the following passage. You may make notes to use as the basis for your presentation. If you wish, you can add your own opinions or ideas.

13. Read the passage: You skim read the passage only ONCE before taking notes to try to establish the theme of the passage. You skim read the passage only ONCE before taking notes to try to establish the theme of the passage. You should read the title to give you a good idea of the theme of the passage. You should read the title to give you a good idea of the theme of the passage. You should then skim read the four paragraphs in the passage, looking for key words related to the theme. You should then skim read the four paragraphs in the passage, looking for key words related to the theme.

14. What are the key words in the passage? A. Practise brainstorming for ideas: Country Park 1. Picnics 2. __________ 3.___________ 4. ___________… 10. __________

15. What are the key words in the passage? B. Practise identifying repeated words: Look out for nouns or verbs that are repeated. – they are probably important to the general theme of the passage. Look out for nouns or verbs that are repeated. – they are probably important to the general theme of the passage.

16. What are the key words in the passage? C. Practise identifying the most important information in the passage: Find out the structure of the passage: Explanatory?( What? Who? Why?) Find out the structure of the passage: Explanatory?( What? Who? Why?) Experience of somebody?(who? What happened? Significance?) Experience of somebody?(who? What happened? Significance?)

17. Take notes: All notes must be taken on the note-card provided. You may write on both sides of the card. All notes must be taken on the note-card provided. You may write on both sides of the card. You must not write or underline key words and phrases in the passage in the examination You must not write or underline key words and phrases in the passage in the examination The purpose of note-taking: allow you to remember important items, since you will not be able to refer to the actual text during presentation. The purpose of note-taking: allow you to remember important items, since you will not be able to refer to the actual text during presentation.

18. What are good notes? Good notes should be Why?How? CORRECT -so you can give an accurate presentation of the passage -by reading the passage carefully to find the main ideas and key information CONCISE -to save time in writing -to make them easier to read -by noting only key words -by using abbreviations and symbols whenever possible CLEAR -to make them easy to refer to quickly -to help you remember them better -by organising your notes -by using outline or point form

20. How can I avoid copying excessively from the passage? You should try to paraphrase information from the passage. You should try to paraphrase information from the passage. Paraphrase means write or summarise the information in your own words. Paraphrase means write or summarise the information in your own words. It is acceptable to repeat certain key words and phrase from the passages, but you should try to make your presentation original. It is acceptable to repeat certain key words and phrase from the passages, but you should try to make your presentation original. One way to prevent excessive copying from the passage is to replace key words with alternatives that have a similar meaning One way to prevent excessive copying from the passage is to replace key words with alternatives that have a similar meaning

21. What kind of information should I note down? The main theme of the passage The main theme of the passage The main point made in each paragraph/part The main point made in each paragraph/part Any key names, data or figures Any key names, data or figures A brief outline of the passage’s conclusion A brief outline of the passage’s conclusion Your own ideas or opinions about the theme of the passage Your own ideas or opinions about the theme of the passage Any ideas, stories or examples you would like to add Any ideas, stories or examples you would like to add

22. How should I organise my notes? Main theme Main theme Specific points or ideas about the main theme Specific points or ideas about the main theme Main points of the passage, in the order in which you want to mention them Main points of the passage, in the order in which you want to mention them A brief conclusion A brief conclusion Try doing the exercise on p.8,9,10 &11 of your book.

23. p.8

24. p.9

25. p.10

26. p.11

27. Let’s do an exercise:

28. Note-card:

29. How do I make my presentation lively and interesting? Using ‘attention- getting’expressions ‘You may be amazed/pleased/shocked to hear…” Asking rhetorical questions ‘Did you know that only 20% of all managers in Hong Kong are women?’ Using feeder words ‘fortunately, sadly, luckily, worryingly’ Using question tags ‘doesn’t?’, ‘can’t you?’, ‘shouldn’t they?’ Giving personal opinions ‘I find this tragic.’

30. Listen to the presentation and identify the different methods you can use to make your discussion more interesting Using ‘attention-getting’expressions Using ‘attention-getting’expressions Asking rhetorical questions Asking rhetorical questions Using feeder words Using feeder words Using question tags Using question tags Giving personal opinions Giving personal opinions

31. Answers: Using ‘attention-getting’expressions: ‘ You’ll be pleased to hear…’ Using ‘attention-getting’expressions: ‘ You’ll be pleased to hear…’ Asking rhetorical questions: ‘Have you ever noticed the amount of rubbish people leave behind in the country parks?’ ‘So what, you may ask, are they doing about it?’ ‘Don’t you think that’s great?’ Asking rhetorical questions: ‘Have you ever noticed the amount of rubbish people leave behind in the country parks?’ ‘So what, you may ask, are they doing about it?’ ‘Don’t you think that’s great?’ Using feeder words: ‘Sensibly,…’ ‘Unfortunately,…’ Using feeder words: ‘Sensibly,…’ ‘Unfortunately,…’ Using question tags: ‘Isn’t it?’ Using question tags: ‘Isn’t it?’ Giving personal opinions: ‘It certainly is a disgrace that some visitors can be so thoughtless.’ Giving personal opinions: ‘It certainly is a disgrace that some visitors can be so thoughtless.’