1. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Active Lecture Questions for Biology: Concepts & Connections, Sixth Edition Campbell, Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Chapter 37 Communities and Ecosystems

2. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Concept Check The caterpillar is a primary consumer in a food chain. How much of the energy captured by the plant and then eaten by the caterpillar is transferred to the next trophic level—the secondary consumer (bird)? 1)Less than 5% 2)About 15% 3)About 50 % 4)100%

3. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Answer The caterpillar is a primary consumer in a food chain. How much of the energy captured by the plant and then eaten by the caterpillar is transferred to the next trophic level—the secondary consumer (bird)? 2)About 15%

4. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Concept Check Matter that makes up life is recycled and reused. Which of the following is not recycled primarily through the atmosphere (rapid) but instead is cycled through the rock cycle (slow by rock formation and weathering). 1) nitrogen 2) carbon 3) water 4) phosphorus

5. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Answer Matter that makes up life is recycled and reused. Which of the following is not recycled primarily through the atmosphere (rapid) but instead is cycled through the rock cycle (slow by rock formation and weathering). 4)phosphorus

6. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Thinking Like a Scientist This figure plots the loss of nitrate from a deforested watershed on the Hubbard Brook study site. After the tree cutting was complete about how much more nitrate left the watershed during runoff? 1)The runoff had 3 times the normal nitrate. 2)The runoff had 15 times the normal nitrate. 3)The runoff had 60 times the normal nitrate.

7. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Answer This figure plots the loss of nitrate from a deforested watershed on the Hubbard Brook study site. After the tree cutting was complete about how much more nitrate left the watershed during runoff? 3)The runoff had 60 times the normal nitrate.

8. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Thinking Like a Scientist Snow is a source of nitrate. Based on this plot during what season do nitrate levels usually peak in the runoff? (Assume that the vertical white grid lines mark the beginning of the year.) 1)Winter. 2)Spring. 3)Fall.

9. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Answer Snow is a source of nitrate. Based on this plot during what season do nitrate levels usually peak in the runoff? (Assume that the vertical white grid lines mark the beginning of the year.) 2)Spring.

10. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Thinking Like a Scientist How long after tree cutting did it take for the nitrate levels to spike? 1)8 months 2)12 months 3)24 months

11. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Answer How long after tree cutting did it take for the nitrate levels to spike? 1)8 months.

12. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Science and Society During the summer of 2003 the entire western U.S. seemed to experience large forest fires. One of the fires was in fact the result of a controlled “burn” getting out of control. The controlled burn is a management technique that seeks to remove the accumulated litter in forest so that fires will not burn out of control. Fire is a part of the western forest’s ecosystem. The U.S. Forest service has implemented a number of forest clean up plans—including increasing timber harvest. However, people continue to build homes in ecosystems where fire is to be expected. Should development be limited in fire prone areas? Disagree Agree Strongly A B C D E Strongly

13. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Science and Society Travelers into and out of our country are asked about agricultural products. “Are you bringing into the country fruits or vegetables purchased abroad?” Of course, the primary reason is to prevent exotic pest species from entering our ecosystems. As a traveling citizen do you take precautions to minimize the possibility that you could accidentally bring foreign organisms into the U.S.? Disagree Agree Strongly A B C D E Strongly

14. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Science and Society The tall grass prairies of eastern Kansas are the largest remaining tract of the tall-grass prairie ecosystem. Each spring to recycle nutrients and to control brush, ranchers burn large areas of the tall-grass prairie. This has been done for more than a hundred years and the Native Americans also burned the prairie to attract bison. Recently, the EPA issued a document that suggested that range burning could be contributing to high ozone levels in nearby urban areas and suggested that the ranchers curtail their burning. Do you agree that urban ozone levels should take precedent over range management of an endangered ecosystem? Disagree Agree Strongly A B C D E Strongly