1. Biodiversity:

2. AB Which do you like better?

3. AB

4. What do you think biodiversity means?

5. Bio = Bio diversity What does “ Bio ” mean?

6. Diversity = Variety What does “ Diversity ” mean?

7. Biodiversity is… The variety of life on Earth The variety of life on Earth the product of millions of years of evolution the product of millions of years of evolution Scientists have identified about 2 million species. Tens of millions -- remain unknown Scientists have identified about 2 million species. Tens of millions -- remain unknown it allows systems to adapt to changing circumstances over time. it allows systems to adapt to changing circumstances over time. is used to gauge the health of biological systems. is used to gauge the health of biological systems.

9. Components of Biodiversity 1. Genetic Diversity The sum of all the different forms of genes in a particular species. The sum of all the different forms of genes in a particular species. The species below are all dogs—but they're not the same because their genes are different. The species below are all dogs—but they're not the same because their genes are different. This allows populations to adapt to environmental changes This allows populations to adapt to environmental changes Chihuahua Beagle Rottweilers

10. 2. Diversity of Species Refers to the variety of species and relative abundance of species in a given area.Refers to the variety of species and relative abundance of species in a given area. For example, monkeys, dragonflies, and meadow beauties are all different species.For example, monkeys, dragonflies, and meadow beauties are all different species. Saki Monkey Golden SkimmerMeadow Beauty Components of Biodiversity

11. 3. Ecosystem Diversity refers to a diverse range of habitats, the various organisms that live in the habitats and the relationships that connect them. Prairies, Ponds, and tropical rain forests are all ecosystems. Each one is different, with its own set of species living in it. refers to a diverse range of habitats, the various organisms that live in the habitats and the relationships that connect them. Prairies, Ponds, and tropical rain forests are all ecosystems. Each one is different, with its own set of species living in it. Prairie Rain Forest Pond Components of Biodiversity

12. Which has more biodiversity? AB

13. AB

14. Biodiversity is Valuable! What do we get from biodiversity? OxygenFood Clean WaterMedicine BeautyIdeas

15. Benefits of Biodiversity More than 20,000 species have been used for medicinal purposes More than 20,000 species have been used for medicinal purposes 41% of prescription drugs in the USA have their active ingredients derived from living organisms (25% from plants, 13% from microorganisms, 3% from animals) 41% of prescription drugs in the USA have their active ingredients derived from living organisms (25% from plants, 13% from microorganisms, 3% from animals) Over 70% of promising anti-cancer drugs come from plants in the rainforest Over 70% of promising anti-cancer drugs come from plants in the rainforest

16. Should we be concerned about biodiversity? What we know: The Earth is losing species at an alarming rate Some scientists estimate that as many as 3 species per hour are going extinct and 20,000 extinctions occur each year. Some scientists estimate that as many as 3 species per hour are going extinct and 20,000 extinctions occur each year. when species of plants and animals go extinct, many other species are affected. when species of plants and animals go extinct, many other species are affected.

17. Threats to Biodiversity Habitat destruction Pollution Species Introductions Global Climate Change Exploitation

18. Species at Risk Species do not have to be driven to extinction for there to be ecological consequences. Species do not have to be driven to extinction for there to be ecological consequences. When a population’s size declines below a critical level, the species will no longer be able to fill its ecological niche. When a population’s size declines below a critical level, the species will no longer be able to fill its ecological niche.

19. The status of species is monitored by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) Classification Number of Canadian Species (2008) Examples Extinct13 Great auk Passenger pigeon Sea mink Extirpated23Paddlefish Atlantic walrus Endangered238 Barn owl Swift fox Northern cricket frog Threatened146 Humpback whale Wood bison Kentucky coffee tree Special Concern 157 Polar bear Red-headed woodpecker Atlantic cod

20. The following are threats to Biodiversity: 1) Habitat Loss – Farmland, human settlements and highways have replaced much of southern Ontario’s, temperate forest ecosystem. 1) Habitat Loss – Farmland, human settlements and highways have replaced much of southern Ontario’s, temperate forest ecosystem.

21. 2) Fragmentation the transformation of a relatively homogenous area into smaller homogenous areas that are interspersed with disturbed areas. Disturbances are either natural (e.g. fire, insects, wind) or human-caused (e.g. logging). the transformation of a relatively homogenous area into smaller homogenous areas that are interspersed with disturbed areas. Disturbances are either natural (e.g. fire, insects, wind) or human-caused (e.g. logging). agriculture, urbanization and forestry disturb the greatest amount of natural area and are considered to be the main sources of human-caused fragmentation worldwide. agriculture, urbanization and forestry disturb the greatest amount of natural area and are considered to be the main sources of human-caused fragmentation worldwide.

22. 3) Loss of Wetlands and Aquatic Ecosystems – human activities along shorelines damage neighbouring aquatic ecosystems. – human activities along shorelines damage neighbouring aquatic ecosystems. AS CITIZENS OF A WEALTHY COUNTRY, OUR USE OF EARTH’S RESOURCES HAS FAR-REACHING IMPACTS.