1. Native Trees of North Carolina

2. Loblolly Pine Pinus taeda DESCRIPTION  Leaves 6 to 9 inches long  Bark on young trees dark in color and deeply furrowed  Perhaps the fastest growing southern pine USES  Used in construction  Interior and exterior finish  Used for pulp

3. Characteristics of Loblolly Pines

4. Black Cherry Prunus serotina ehrh DESCRIPTION  Leaves deciduous in autumn  2 to 6 inches long  1 to ½ inches wide  Ovals to oblong and pointed at each end  Margins finely toothed USES  Furniture  Musical Instruments  Tool handles  Gun stocks

5. Characteristics of Black Cherry

6. American Holly Llex opaca ait DESCRIPTION  Evergreen  2 to 4 inches long  Epilintic, think, spine teeth  Bark is white or pale gray, smooth on young trunks USES  Cabinet work  Wood-turning  Engraver’s Blocks  Inlaying  Christmas Decorations

7. Characteristics of American Holly

8. Water Oak Quercus nigra DESCRIPTION  Deciduous leaves in winter; usually 21/2 inches long  11/2 inches wide with narrowed base  3 lobed  Stands 70-80 feet high  2-3 feet in diameter USES  One of the main red oak lumber species  Used as an ornamental tree

9. Characteristics of Water Oak

10. Flowering Dogwood Cornus florida DESCRIPTION  Leaves deciduous in autumn  3 - 6 inches long and 11/2 – 2 inches wide  Margins toothed  Tick bright green and hairy on the upper surface  Whitish and hairy below USES  Shuttle blocks  Pulleys blocks  Pulleys Mullet  Heads of bobbin  Heads of golf clubs  Heads of handles

11. Characteristics of Flowering Dogwood

12. Willow Oak Quercus phellos DESCRIPTION  Leaves deciduous in autumn  11/2 – 5 ½ inches long  1/3 to 1 inch wide; narrow and pointed at both ends  Light green smooth and skinny above  Dull, paler and usually smooth below USES  Planted widely as a shade tree

13. Characteristics of Willow Oak

14. Sweet Bay Magnolia virginiana DESCRIPTION  Leaves deciduous in the spring of the second season  4 to 6 inches long 11/2 to 3 inches wide  Smooth bright green shinning and smooth on the upper surface pale  Nearly white and hairy below USES  Wood of little or no commercial value

15. Characteristics of Sweet Bay

16. Yellow Poplar Lirodendown tulipifern DESCRIPTION  Leaves deciduous in autumn  5 – 6 inches long and wide  Mostly 4 lobed with a rounded base dark green smooth and skinny on the upper surface  Pale and smooth below USES  Furniture  Musical instruments  Molding in houses and office building  To make picture frames

17. Characteristics of Yellow Poplar

18. Chestnut Oak Quercus prinus DESCRIPTION  Leaves deciduous in autumn  4 to 9 inches long, 1 ½ to 3 inches wide  Bark grayish brown to darker USES  Fence posts  Railroad ties  Fuel

19. Characteristics of Chestnut Oak

20. Eastern White Pine Pinus strobus DESCRIPTION  Leaves or needles 3 to 5 inches long  It matures often at 80 or more feet in height with a straight trunk  Trunk is 2-3 feet in diameter USES  General Construction  Interior finish  Patterns  Caskets  Clocks  Cabinet making

21. Characteristics of Eastern White Pine

22. Swamp Chestnut Quercus michauxxi DESCRIPTION  Leaves deciduous in autumn  4-9 inches long, 2 ¾ to 4 ¼ inches wide  Bark silvery white or ashy gray and scaly USES  Agricultural implements  Wheels  Fence Posts  Baskets  Fuel

23. Characteristics of Swamp Chestnut

24. Blackgum Nyssa sylvatica marsh DESCRIPTION  Leaves deciduous in autumn  2 to 5 inches long, ½ to 3 inches wide  Bark light brown, often tinged with red deeply furrowed USES  Boxes boards  Furniture  Interior Trim  Cross ties  Pulp

25. Characteristics of Blackgum

26. AMERICAN ELM Ulmus americana

27. FACTS ON AMERICAN ELM  Form-the trunk is divided into several large, ascending and arching limbs.  Bark-dark, ashy-gray, flat topped ridges separated by diamond-shaped fissures  Twig-slender, slightly zigzagged, reddish-brown  Leaf-3 to 6 inches long, 1 to 3 inches wide.  They are shaped like a vase or an umbrella.  It is used to make barrels, fence posts, furniture, and boats.  American elm bark contains a strong fiber from which the Indians made ropes.

28. AMERICAN SYCAMORE Platanus occidentalis

29. Facts on American Sycamore  Bark-thin, mottled brown, green and white. A.K.A. camouflage bark  Twig- stout and orange- brown in color, terminal bud is absent.  Leaf- palmately veined, 4-8 inched wide, ovate in shape, with 3-5 lobes. Margins are toothed  Form- massive tree with heavy, spreading branches with zigzagged twigs.

30. EASTERN HEMLOCK Tsuga canadensis

31. FACTS ON EASTERN HEMLOCK  Leaf- 1/2 inch long, dark green in color with 2 lines of white stomata below. Tips are blunt, needles are two ranked.  Twig- fine, gray-brown in color  Bark-young trees-gray- brown,smooth,turning scaly. Older trees- red/brown with wide  Ridges and furrows. When cut or broken, purple streaks are shown.  Form-medium sized tree with a dense conical crown. Fine branches and a floppy leader

32. CATALPA CATALPA SPECIOSA

33. FACTS ON CATALPA  Leaf- maybe opposite or whorled, pinnately veined, 5- 12 inches long, leaves are cordate.  Twig- stout, green, and later reddish- brown in color.  Bark- separated into irregular shallow fissures with reddish- brown scales.  Form- medium sized tree with spreading branches, irregular crown

34. RED MAPLE ACER RUBRUM

35. FACTS ON RED MAPLE  Leaf- 2-4 inches long, light green above, hairy beneath.  Twig- reddish and lustrous, buds usually blunt.  Bark- smooth and light gray, with age becomes darker  Form- medium sized tree

36. BALD CYPRESS TAXODIUM DISTICHUM

37. FACTS ON BALD CYPRESS  Leaf-very feathery, leaflets are 1/4 to 3/4 inch long and 2 ranked and alternately arranged. Feathery leaves are 3-10 inches long.  Twig- brown with small deciduous scales  Form- large tree with a pyramid-shaped crown, cylindrical bole, fluted or buttresses base and often with knees.  Bark- fibrous, red-brown maybe gray where exposed to the weather. Old thick bark may appear scaly

38. Longleaf Pine

39.  Longleaf pine----Pinaceae Pinus palustris  Leaf: Evergreen, very long and feathery (8 to 18 inches long), with three dark green needles per fascicle.  Flower: Monoecious, males yellow-red, long, in clusters; females oval, purple.  Fruit: Very large (largest cone in the Eastern U. S. --6 to 10 inches long), ovoid to conical in shape, sessile. Scales are red-brown in color. The umbo is armed with a curved prickle. Maturing September to October.  Twig: Very stout, brown, with large obvious, asbestos- white buds.  Bark: Quite scaly, orange-brown to gray, will eventually develop plates.  Form: A medium-sized tree with a straight trunk, coarse branches and tufted needles at ends of branches.

40. Shortleaf Pine

41. Shortleaf pine --Pinaceae Pinus echinata Leaf: Evergreen, 3 to 5 inches long, two or three (on the same branch) slender and flexible needles per fascicle, dark yellow-green in color. The fascicle sheath is persistent. Flower: Monoecious, males cylindrical, red to yellow, in clumps at ends of twigs; females light green to red, with a large spine. Fruit: Compact, 2 inches long, ovoid, somewhat persistent. Cones are red to brown in color. The umbo is armed with a small prickle. Maturing October to November. Twig: Green and purple when young, later turning red-brown. Bark: Scaly and dark on young trees, eventually developing plates with scaly surfaces. "Volcanoes" or small surface pockets of pitch may be apparent. Form: A medium to large tree with a small, open, pyramidal crown. Shortleaf Pine

42. Slash Pine

43.  Slash pine---Pinaceae Pinus elliottii  Leaf: Evergreen, 7 to 10 inches long, flexible, with three (sometimes two) needles per fascicle, dark green in color. The fascicle sheath is quite long and persistent.  Flower: Monoecious, males cylindrical, red to yellow, in clusters at ends of twigs; females red to green, stalked oval.  Twig: Quite stout, orange- brown in color.  Fruit: Cones are 3 to 6 inches long, ovoid, borne on a stalk. Cones are caramel in color. The umbo is armed with a small, out curved spine. Maturing--October to November.  Bark: Red-brown and furrowed when young, becoming very platy. The surfaces of the plates are covered with thin, loose scales.  Form: A medium-sized tree with a narrow-ovoid crown. Needles appear to be tufted at the ends of the branches.

44. Southern Red Oak

45.  Southern red oak-- Fagaceae Quercus falcata  Leaf: Alternate, simple, 5 to 9 inches long and roughly obovate in outline. Two forms are common- 3 lobes with shallow sinuses or 5 to 7 lobes with deeper sinuses. Lobes are bristle-tipped. Tomentum is present below and on the petiole. Often resembles a turkey foot.  Flower: Staminate flowers borne on catkins. Pistillate flowers borne on spikes. Appears with the leaves.  Form: A medium-sized tree with a short trunk and large branches supporting a rounded crown.  Fruit: Acorns are 1/2 inch long, orange-brown and pubescent. The cap covers less than 1/3 of the nut and is quite thin and flattened. Matures after two years, ripens in September or October.  Twig: Reddish-brown in color, may be gray-pubescent or glabrous. Multiple terminal buds are dark red, pubescent, pointed and only 1/8 to 1/4 inch long.  Bark: Dark in color, thick, with broad, scaly ridges separated by deep, narrow furrows. Resembles Q. velutina, but the inner bark is only slightly yellow.

46. Blackjack Oak Fagaceae Quercus marilandica

47. Leaf: Alternate, simple, 5 to 8 inches long, thickened, with 3 shallow, bristle- tipped lobes near the end of the leaf, upper surface lustrous green, lower surface paler with orange-brown pubescence. Flower: Monoecious, males 2 to 4 inch long hanging catkin, females small, single or paired. Fruit: Acorn, nut 3/4 inch long often striated, light brown, cap covers about half of the nut and is covered with loose, hairy scales. Twig: Stout, dark brown and scruffy-hairy, reddish-brown buds are 1/4 inch long, sharp, angled and fuzzy. Bark: Very dark (almost black), rough, with blocky plates and splits. Form: A small sized tree (20 to 30 feet tall) generally with poor form. It typically has a short trunk with a round crown made up of twisted limbs. Blackjack Oak

48. Fagaceae Quercus virginiana Live Oak

49. Leaf: Alternate, simple, evergreen, leathery, 2 to 5 inches long, oblong or elliptical in shape with an entire or spiny and revolute margin. The upper surface is lustrous, the lower is pale and pubescent. Generally, not bristle-tipped. Flower: Staminate flowers borne on catkins. Pistillate flowers borne on spikes. Appearing March through May. Fruit: Acorns are in clusters of 3 to 5, maturing in one season. The nut is dark in color, 3/4 inch long and covered 1/3 by the cap. The cap is bowl-shaped and warty, termed "turbinate" by Harlow et al. Maturing in September of the first year. Twig: Slender, gray and pubescent, with small, blunt, multiple terminal buds. Bark: Rapidly developing red-brown furrows with small surface scales. Later, becoming black and very blocky. Form: A medium-sized tree that can grow to massive proportions. Open grown trees develop a huge rounded crown. The largest trees may be 150 feet across. Live Oak

50. Taxodiaceae Taxodium ascendens Cottonwood

51. Leaf: Alternate, simple, pinnately veined, 3 to 6 inches long, triangular (deltoid) in shape with a crenate/serrate margin. The petiole is flattened and glands are present at the top of the petiole. Flower: Dioecious, male and female as pendulous catkins, appearing before the leaves. Fruit: Cottony seeds, 1/4 inch long borne in a dehiscent capsule. Maturing over summer. Twig: Stout, somewhat angled and yellowish. Buds are 3/4 inch long, covered with several brown, resinous scales. Has a bitter aspirin taste. Bark: Smooth, gray to yellow-green when young. Later turning gray with thick ridges and deep furrows. Form: A large tree with a clear bole and an open spreading crown resulting in a somewhat vase-shaped form. Cottonwood

52. Cupressaceae Juniperus virginiana Red Cedar

53. Leaf: Evergreen, with two types of leaves, often on the same tree. Scale leaves 1/16 inch long, dark green, with 4 sides. Awl leaves are more common on young trees, 1/8 to 3/8 inch long, dark blue-green and sharp-pointed. Flower: Males are dioecious, but occasionally monoecious, yellow-brown, occurring in large groups. Females are light blue-green. Fruit: Berry-like cones, light green in spring, turning dark blue and glaucous at maturity, about 1/4 inch in diameter. Appearing March to May. Maturing September to November. Twig: Green for several years, covered in scales, later turning brown. Bark: Red-brown in color, exfoliating in long, fibrous strips, often ashy gray where exposed. Form: A small tree with a dense pyramidal or columner crown. Red Cedar

54. Betulaceae Betula nigra River Birch

55. Leaf: Alternate, simple, pinnately-veined, rhombic to ovate, 1 1/2 to 3 inches long, obviously doubly serrate, with a wedge-shaped base. Flower: Preformed aments, male near the end of the twig, 2 to 3 inches long. Female catkins upright, 1/4 to 1/2 inch long. Flowering in early spring. Fruit: Cone like, 1 to 1 1/2 inches long, with many hairy scales, containing tiny, 3-winged seeds. Twig: Slender, orangish-brown in color, smooth or slightly pubescent, with the terminal bud absent. Lateral buds may be slightly pubescent. No wintergreen odor when cut. Bark: Smooth on young trees, salmon to rust colored. On older trees, developing papery scales, exfoliating horizontally with several colors (creamy to orangish-brown) visible. Later developing coarse scales. Form: River birch is a medium-size tree with poor form. The trunk generally divides low into several arching branches. River Birch

56. Ericaceae Oxydendrum arboreum Sourwood

57. Leaf: Alternate, simple, elliptical to lanceolate, very finely serrate, 4 to 7 inches long with very slight pubescence on the mid-vein below. A sour taste is obvious when the leaf is chewed. Flower: White, 1/4 inch long, borne on drooping panicles, reminiscent of lily-of-the-valley flowers. Present late June to August. Fruit: Born on panicles, enclosed in dehiscent, 5-valved capsules. Capsules are dry when mature (September to October) and release the tiny, 2-winged seeds. Twig: Olive green, changing to red, with buds that are small and oppressed. Leaf scars are elevated with one bundle scar. Bark: Grayish brown, very thick with deep furrows and scaly ridges. Often the ridges are broken into recognizable rectangles. Form: A small tree, usually with poor form and an irregular crown. Sourwood

58. Post Oak (Quercus stellata)  Slow growing.  Abundant in Southeastern and South Central America.  Used for fence “posts”.

59. Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)  Resembles Honey Locust, but larger.  Nitrogen fixer.  Provides cover for wildlife.  Grows best in rich and moist soils.

60. Black Oak (Quercus velutina)  Fuzzy on back of leaf.  Bitter acorn.  Grows in poor soil.

61. Eastern Redbud (Cercis canadensis)  Deciduous  Grows 20-30 feet tall.  Heart shaped leaves.  Alternate and simple leaves.  Rosy pink flowers during spring.

62. Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora)  Evergreen.  Alternate and simple leaves.  Grows 60-80 feet tall.  Used for ornamental purposes.

63. Turkey Oak (Quercus laevis)  Fast growing.  Wood is used for fuel.  3 lobed leaf which resembles a turkey foot.

64. White Oak (Quercus alba)  Grows slowly.  Ashy-gray bark.  Wood is very durable.  Used for furniture and flooring.  Acorns are sweet.