1. Asia 12,000 years ago Bering Land Bridge, joined present-day Siberia to Alaska 12 major languages Inuit tribe

2. First Explorers Norse invaders from Scandinavia Short trading period with Inuit Deserted

3. European Explorers Italian explorer Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot), sailed east coast 1497 French explorer Jacques Cartier, St. Lawrence River 1534; claimed for France, “New France” 1600s Samuel de Champlain built first permanent settlement along St. Lawrence River in Quebec; furs

4. Trade European fur traders Joined by farmers, merchants and Catholic Church Live along St. Lawrence French laws, traditions and religion Conquered Indian tribes

5. British Influence Colonized region south of New France- New York State Wanted to take over New France and control fur trade Non-Catholic Christian Hudson’s Bay Company-find Western passage to Pacific, acquire land around Hudson Bay, regulate and control fur trade Hostility

6. French and Indian War 1756-1763 Great Britain and France Control North America and Fur trade British numbers; France exploration, trade and Indian alliances Battle of Quebec-Britain Treaty of Paris 1763-ceded North American territories to Britain; east of Mississippi River

7. War Continued Far north as Nova Scotia British forced French-speaking people to leave; Louisiana Allowed French stay in Quebec (New France); culture remained American Revolution brought English speakers to Quebec;

8. Language and Religion Mostly non-Catholic Christians Quebec mostly Roman Catholic English and French official language Quebec-French official language for business and government