1. 1825 - 1910

2.  “Big Three”  Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1829)  Virtuoso pianist and studied with Haydn  Symphony and solo piano sonatas  Transitional figure from Classical to Romantic Eras.  Johannes Brahms (1833-1897)  Pianist and Composer influenced by Beethoven  Composed Symphonies, Concertos, Lieder (songs)  Used classical forms to push harmonic and rhythmic development  Hector Berlioz (1803-1869)  first studied/taught the guitar and flute and composition  composed the Symphonie Fantastique

3. ◦ Johann Kaspar Mertz ◦ Born in ___________ in 1806 ◦ Performed from age 12 onward. ◦ Composed numerous pieces for guitar, guitar duo, piano and guitar duos, etc. His opus numbers reach over _______ ◦ Toured throughout eastern Europe ◦ Mainly concertized on a _____-string guitar. ◦ Early advocate of tremolo technique ◦ Dies in 1856

4.  Francisco Tarrega  Born 1852 in Spain  Studied _______ and guitar.  As a child he would often ____________.  Composed some of the most famous guitar works “Recuerdos de Alhambra”, “Lagrima”, “Caprichio Arabe”  Composed for the guitar only  Revolutionized playing technique; foot stool  Made the guitars of Antonio de Torres popular.  First to transcribe the works of _____, Beethoven, Chopin, and others for the guitar  Dies in 1909.

5.  Augustin Barrios Mangore  Born in 1885 in _____________  Performed in South America and Europe.  At times performed in Guarani Indian dress.  His compositions are influenced the most by South and Central American _____________.  One of the first guitarists to make __________ around 1909.  Most important guitarist in South America at the early days of the 20 th century.  Died in 1944.

6.  The Romantic Era was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that strengthened in reaction to the Industrial Revolution as well as the scientific reasoning of nature  Tonality vs. Non-tonality??  Sublime? Becomes validated strong emotion as an authentic source of experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as horror, terror, and awe.  The Death of the Guitar?? Why??  The Women Composers – ‘bout dang time

7.  Antonio de Torres  Luthier  Made the Spanish style of guitar construction the ideal. Larger body, thinner soundboard, and the specific fan bracing.

8.  Reaction to Scientific Thought and the Industrial Revolution  Emphasis on Emotion  Art – emphasis on “sublime”  Rise in Nationalism  Rise in WOMEN composers -Clara Schumann -Fanny Mendelssohn -Emilia Giuliani  Art for Art’s Sake