1. 1 Pre-university Engineering Education in the IEEE August 2007 Piura, Peru Moshe Kam Educational Activities

2. 2 A Few Words about IEEE l IEEE is the largest professional engineering association in the world l 367,000 members in 150 countries l A 501(c)3 organization in incorporated in New York l Originally concentrating on power engineering and communications IEEE at present spans technical interests across the spectrum of technology l From nanotechnology to oceanic engineering l In many respects IEEE has become “the steward of Engineering”

3. 3 It all starts in Philadelphia… AIEE In 1884 the Franklin Institute organized the International Electrical Exhibition in Philadelphia The Operator, 15 April 1884 “The…exhibition would be attended by foreign electrical savants, engineers, and manufacturers...it would be a lasting disgrace to American electricians if no American electrical national society was in existence to receive them with the honors due them from their co-laborers in the United States." Thomas Edison, Elihu Thomson, Edwin Houston, and Edward Weston AIEE’s First Technical Meeting 7-8 October 1884, the Franklin Institute

4. 4 Early Presidents Alexander G. BellElihu ThomsonCharles SteinmetzFrank Sprague

5. 5 A few more recent Presidents Leah Jamieson Joseph Bordogna Michael Lightner Wallace Read

6. 6 AIEE IRE l Established 1884 l An American Organization l Representing the establishment l Rooted in Power Engineering l First computers working group l Now the Computer Society l Established 1908 l An international Organization l Open to students, young professionals l Quick to adopt advances in radar, radio, TV, electronics, computers l Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers (January 1913) 1963: Merger of AIEE and IRE to create IEEE

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8. 8 What is IEEE? l A membership organization l A major creator and guardian of technical IP l A mechanism to bring people of common technical interests together l both geographically and disciplinarily l A guardian of the future of Engineering l An implementer of technology-related public Imperatives

9. 9 What is IEEE? l A membership organization l A major creator and guardian of technical IP l A mechanism to bring people of common technical interests together l both geographically and disciplinarily l A guardian of the future of Engineering l An implementer of technology-related public Imperatives

10. 10 What does IEEE do? l Publishes literature in engineering, technology and computing l Organizes conferences l Develops standards l Gets engineers and technologists from different locales together l Organizes professional activities among engineering students l Educates the public about Engineering

11. 11 What does IEEE do? l Publishes literature in engineering, technology and computing l Organizes conferences l Develops standards l Gets engineers and technologists from different locales together l Organizes professional activities among engineering students l Educates the public about Engineering

12. 12 Why is IEEE interested in pre- university engineering education? l Because it is in our stated and un-stated mission l Because in many IEEE Sections there is marked decline in the interest of young people in Engineering l This is bad for the future of these communities and would have a negative impact on their standard of living l Because we do not believe the problem is going to be tackled effectively without us l Industry does not appear to be able to address the problem directly l Governments do not appear sufficiently concerned (yet) l Other engineering associations look up to us

13. 13 Some of the problems are related to national policy Country Public expenditures on education R&D investment per capita (1M people) Argentina 3.5%0.013% Brazil 5.1%0.004% Ecuador 3.5%l.t 0.001% Peru 2.9%l.t 0.001% Austria 5.4%0.2% Spain 5.0%0.02% UNESCO World Education Report

14. 14 What is the Problem? l Flat or declining engineering enrollments in most developed nations l Coupled with disappointing performance of youth in Mathematics l E.g., “free fall” in Scandinavia l Insufficient number of engineers and engineering educational programs in most developing countries l Asia is far behind Europe and the US in number of engineers per capita

15. 15 New baccalaureate engineering degrees per year per million citizens (2004) CountryNumber of degrees per million citizens USA468.3 China271.1 India103.7 SA36.5

16. 16 What is the Problem? l Women & minority students conspicuously under-represented l Public perception of engineers/ engineering/ technology is largely misinformed l Resulting in early decisions that block the path of children to Engineering

17. 17 Engineering degrees US: 2005-2006 http://www.asee.org/publications/profiles/upload/2006ProfileEng.pdf

18. 18 B.Sc Degrees in Engineering by Gender, US: 2005-2006 http://www.asee.org/publications/profiles/upload/2006ProfileEng.pdf

19. 19 Engineering Degrees Awarded to women, US: 2005-2006 http://www.asee.org/publications/profiles/upload/2006ProfileEng.pdf

20. 20 B.Sc Degrees in Engineering by Ethnicity, US: 2005-2006

21. 21 Engineering has a problem of image

22. 22 From Collegeboard.com: Law It helps to be…Are you ready to… fascinated by the relationship between law and society engage in intense discussion of thorny legal problems ?

23. 23 From Collegeboard.com: Broadcast Journalism It helps to be…Are you ready to… sharp of mind and quick of tongue learn how to find and interview sources?

24. 24 From Collegeboard.com: Civil Engineering It helps to be…Are you ready to… A problem-solver who’s creative, curious, logical, and a fan of math. Spend hours and hours working on problem sets and design projects?

25. 25 From Collegeboard.com: Civil Engineering It helps to be…Are you ready to… A problem-solver who’s creative, curious, logical, and a fan of math. Spend hours and hours working on problem sets and design projects?

26. 26 From Collegeboard.com: Civil Engineering It helps to be…Are you ready to… A problem-solver who’s creative, curious, logical, and a fan of math. Spend hours and hours working on problem sets and design projects?

27. 27 From Collegeboard.com: Mechanical Engineering It helps to be…Are you ready to… A fan of science and math, a creative problem solver, and someone who likes to take things apart to find out how they work. Rely on your math skills? Master difficult scientific concepts? Take on a heavy course load? Spend five years as an undergrad…

28. 28 From Collegeboard.com: Electrical Engineering It helps to be…Are you ready to… A fan of science and math who’s curious about the way things work Spend hours building detailed, complicated systems Try, try, and try again when at first a project doesn’t succeed

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30. 30 In many countries in the Western Hemisphere, student achievements in mathematics are low

31. 31 OECD Program for International Student Assessment Mathematics, 15 year old students The United States Finland, Korea, the Netherlands, Japan Mexico

32. 32 What is the problem in Peru? l Currently almost all students in elementary-school age attend school l A series of studies and public statements by local specialists have assessed the quality of the pre- university educational system to be low l The way to assess: achievement in standardized tests l Peru has participated in one international achievement evaluation organized by UNESCO Cueto et al. 2006

33. 33 International achievement evaluation (UNESCO) l This study included achievement of third and fourth grade students l in urban and rural areas l in mathematics and language l in Spanish only l Among twelve (12) countries in Latin America, Peru ranked… l Twelve (12) in fourth grade mathematics l Eleven (11) in third grade mathematics l Ten (10) and Nine (9) in the same grades in language

34. 34 National Evaluations (1998) l National evaluations in mathematics were performed by the Peruvian Ministry of Education in 1998 l in urban areas only l Deficiencies mostly in the topic of fractions and in general in problem solving l even in items that were classified by specialists as easy given the curriculum l Students seem to have no problem in performing routine arithmetic operations if they involve whole positive numbers only Cueto et al. 2006

35. 35 2001 National Evaluation l The Peruvian Ministry of Education at the end of 2001 performed a new national evaluation l Most students in sixth grade were below the cut-off scores set by specialists to reflect acceptable learning l The worse results in this and other evaluations have been in areas where poverty is higher l Bottom line: problems in the mathematics results of the Peruvian students l at least as they can be defined through achievement in standardized tests using multiple choice items Cueto et al. 2006

36. 36 Pre-university activities in IEEE

37. 37 On Line Portal Tryengineering.org “Strong On-line presence”

38. 38 The Web provides us with high potential for reachability l A successful portal can become a major resource for students, parents, school counselors, and teachers l But success is difficult in an ever-crowded medium l Effort needs to be coupled with more modern tools l Instant messaging, podcasts

39. 39 TryEngineering.org l A comprehensive portal on engineering for young people l Original target audience: young people ages 8-18 l Designed to convey excitement about engineering and design l Can-do attitude l Hands-on experience l Positive image of the engineering process and engineering l “Discover the creative engineer in you”

40. 40 TryEngineering.org A portal for students, parents, school counselors and teachers School search By location, program, environment Day in the life of an engineer Hands-on and virtual projects Class plans for teaching engineering design Ask an engineer Brought to you by SAE Ask a student Brought to you by JETS GamesSummer camps, internship opportunities

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43. 43 Unique features l School search l Ask an Engineer l Ask a Student l Coming up: Opportunities l Pre-university students: summer camps, science fairs l University students: research opportunities, summer and co-op jobs l Graduating students: graduate study opportunities, academic jobs

44. 44 On-line Presence: TryEngineering l TryEngineering.org is becoming an increasingly popular resource for the pre-university and university communities 40,000 visitors per month

45. 45 Countries of Users: English Version l US (70%) l India (5%) l China (3.3%) l Canada l United Kingdom l Austria l Australia l Malaysia l Germany l Japan l Thailand l South Africa l Korea l Brazil

46. 46 Most Requested Files: Lesson Plans l Build a robot arm l Close to 17,000 downloads l Cracking the Code (bar codes) l Critical Load (Civil Engineering)

47. 47 New University Searches: 15 Countries l Australia l Brazil l Canada l Pakistan l France l Germany l India l Japan l Korea l Mexico l New Zealand l Malaysia l South Africa l United Kingdom l United States What’s new

48. 48 New Languages 中文 Chinese DeutschGerman EspañolSpanish FrançaisFrench 邦人 Japanese русскийRussian What’s new 1 June 2007

49. 49 A New Original Game: Questioneering What’s new Question: The following are examples of word processing applications: (A)LaTex and Microsoft Word (B)MIDI and RS-232 (C)Pdf and PCM (D)QWERTY and AZERTY Questions created by 26 graduate students, engineers, and engineering professors

50. 50 A New Original Game: Questioneering What’s new Question: Artificial neural networks are... (A)Brain implants designed by biomedical engineers (B)Models of interconnected processors used for signal processing and computation (C)Neuron architectures present in people who were in bad brain accidents (D)Internet discussion groups devoted to Cognitive Science We are looking for an Intern to provide players with more feedback

51. 51 Future services – focus on the University/College Student l Effective oral and written presentations l Job search and preparation for interview l Writing a resume l Looking for graduate school l Graduate school homepage already available through University Search What’s new

52. 52 Future Services – interviews with students and practitioners l Interviews with students from California State University, Northridge l Interviews with ECE and Biomedical Engineering practitioners engaged in Biometrics work

53. 53 Future services: www.Accreditation.org l Introduction to Accreditation l List of recognized accrediting bodies worldwide l And the programs they accredit l List of mutual recognition agreements l Including original texts and commentary l Policy papers on accreditation l Links and scholarly papers Coming in August 2007

54. 54 Teacher In Service Program “Engineering in the Classroom”

55. 55 The Teacher In Service Program (TISP) l A program that trains IEEE volunteers to work with pre-university teachers l Based on approved Lesson Plans l Prepared by IEEE volunteered l Tested in classrooms l Associated with Education Standards l Designed to highlight engineering design principles l The cost is less than $100 for a class of 30

56. 56 How does it work? l Section volunteers run a TISP training event l EAB provides logistical support and instructors l Volunteers gather for a day and a half of training l With teachers and school administrators l l Volunteers spread the program in their school districts

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58. 58 2006-2007 Complete Underway l Boston (R1) l Indianapolis (R4) l Memphis (R3) l Kuala Lumpur (R10) l Cape Town (R8) l Piura, Peru (R9) l Rio de Janeiro (R9) l Baltimore (R2) l Dallas (R5)

59. 59 Expected attendance VenueExpected Attendance PiuraAt least 100 Rio de Janeiro50-70 Baltimore40-60 Dallas50-70

60. 60 Recent information “From the Field” l Six new programs in South Africa l To subject advisors and educators l Total number of affected teachers will be more than 700 l Four new programs in Malaysia l 160 teachers

61. 61 Activity Sample http://www.ieee.org/web/education/preuniv ersity/tispt/lessons.html http://www.ieee.org/web/education/preuniv ersity/tispt/slessons.html

62. 62 Rotational Equilibrium: A Question of Balance Demonstrate the concept of rotational equilibrium, by building and testing a Mobile

63. 63 Build working models with household items

64. 64 Design and Build a Better Candy Bag Lesson Focus l Demonstrate how product design differences can affect the success of a final product l in this case a bag for holding candy. l Students work in pairs to evaluate, design, and build a better candy bag

65. 65 New Lesson Plans Give Binary A TryComputer arithmetic and ALU design Hand Biometrics TechnologyBiometrics Sail AwayWatercraft design Simple Kitchen MachinesSimple Machines Dispenser DesignsDesign: user satisfaction, costs, materials Engineering Ups and DownsElevators Build a Big WheelFerris Wheels What’s new

66. 66 Additional New Lesson Plans l Sort it Out l Sticky Engineering Challenge l Ship the Chip l Move That Lighthouse! l A Question of Balance l Program Your Own Game l Engineering Air Traffic l Pipeline Challenge l Infrared Investigations l Hull Engineering l Engineered Sports l Engineered Memory l Wind Tunnel Testing What’s new

67. 67 Questions and comments

68. 68 References l Santiago Cueto, Cecilia Ramirez, Leon Juan: Opportunities to Learn and Achievement in Mathematics in a Sample of Sixth Grade Students in Lima, Peru Educational Studies in Mathematics, v62 n1 p25-55 May 2006 l http://www.gdnet.org/pdf/2002AwardsMedalsWinners/Educ ationKnowledgeTechnology/santiago_cueto_paper.pdf http://www.gdnet.org/pdf/2002AwardsMedalsWinners/Educ ationKnowledgeTechnology/santiago_cueto_paper.pdf l Education and Training in Peru, http://commercecan.ic.gc.ca/scdt/bizmap/interface2.nsf/vDo wnload/ISA_2032/$file/X_3134639.DOC http://commercecan.ic.gc.ca/scdt/bizmap/interface2.nsf/vDo wnload/ISA_2032/$file/X_3134639.DOC