1. Information Viewpoints and Geoscience Service Architectures Simon Cox Research Scientist 13 December 2007

2. CSIRO AGU Fall 2007 – IN43C-07 Cox Outline Key viewpoints for earth science information Feature, field, observation The value-adding cycle Mapping the viewpoints to OGC services and chains

3. CSIRO AGU Fall 2007 – IN43C-07 Cox Fields vs. objects classic geology: “feature” classic earth-observations: “field” or “coverage”

4. CSIRO AGU Fall 2007 – IN43C-07 Cox Conceptual object model: features Digital object corresponding with identifiable, typed, object in the real world mountain, road, specimen, event, tract, catchment, wetland, farm, bore, reach, property, license-area, station Feature-type characterised by specific set of properties Specimen ID (name) description mass processing details sampling location sampling time related observation material …

5. CSIRO AGU Fall 2007 – IN43C-07 Cox Mapped features

6. CSIRO AGU Fall 2007 – IN43C-07 Cox Spatial function or field – “coverage” (x 1,y 1 ) (x 2,y 2 ) Variation of a property in domain of interest Property may be multi-component Domain is often sampled on a grid Domain extent is scoped by shape/lifetime of feature of interest Range-type is scoped by type of feature-of-interest

7. CSIRO AGU Fall 2007 – IN43C-07 Cox Different cross-sections through same dataset SpecimenAu (ppm) Cu-a (%)Cu-b (%)As (ppm)Sb (ppm) ABC-1231.233.454.230.50.34 A Row summarizes the properties of one feature A Column = variation of a single property across a domain (i.e. set of locations)

8. CSIRO AGU Fall 2007 – IN43C-07 Cox Assignment of property values For each field in the table the value is either i.asserted E.g. name, owner, price, boundary (cadastral feature types) ii.observed/estimated E.g. colour, mass, shape (natural feature types) i.e. error is of interest

9. CSIRO AGU Fall 2007 – IN43C-07 Cox Generic pattern for observation metadata An Observation is an action whose result is an estimate of the value of some Property of the Feature-of-interest, obtained using a specified Procedure Feature-of-interest concept reconciles remote and in-situ observations

10. CSIRO AGU Fall 2007 – IN43C-07 Cox Three viewpoints: Feature, Coverage, Observation SpecimenAu (ppm) Cu-a (%)Cu-b (%)As (ppm)Sb (ppm) ABC-1231.233.454.230.50.34 A Row gives properties of one feature A Column = variation of a single property across a domain (i.e. set of locations) A Cell reflects the result of a single observation

11. CSIRO AGU Fall 2007 – IN43C-07 Cox Value-adding chain Observation/result estimate of value of a property for a single specimen/station/location data-capture, with metadata concerning procedure, operator, etc Coverage compilation of values of a single property across the domain of interest data prepared for analysis/pattern detection Feature object having geometry & values of several different properties 1. classified object, snapshot for transport geological map elements 2. object created by human activity, artefact of investigation borehole, mine, specimen

12. CSIRO AGU Fall 2007 – IN43C-07 Cox OGC Service stack Different information-types accessed using different interfaces Maps – WMS Features – WFS Coverages – WCS Observations – SOS Each interface is composed of a “set of operations”

13. CSIRO AGU Fall 2007 – IN43C-07 Cox SOS getObservation getResult describeSensor getFeatureOfInterest Accessing data using the “Observation” viewpoint WFS/ Obs getFeature, type=Observation WCS getCoverage getCoverage (result) Sensor Register getRecordById WFS getFeature e.g. SOS::getResult == “convenience” interface for WCS

14. CSIRO AGU Fall 2007 – IN43C-07 Cox WFS/ SFS The “Sampling Feature Service” viewpoint WFS getFeature WCS getCoverage getCoverage (property value) SOS getObservation Common data source getFeature (sampling Feature) getFeature (relatedObs/result value) getFeature (relatedObservation) getCoverage (result) Sensor Register getRecordById (procedure) getFeature (featureOfInterest) getObservation (relatedObs) getResult (property value)

15. CSIRO AGU Fall 2007 – IN43C-07 Cox WFS The “Domain Feature” viewpoint WCS getCoverage (property value) getFeature SOS getResult (property value) The “Observations are the most primitive” viewpoint #1 – observations are property-value-providers for features ??

16. CSIRO AGU Fall 2007 – IN43C-07 Cox WCS Accessing data using the “just the data” viewpoint WFS getFeature/geometry (domain exent) getCoverage SOS getResult (lots of ‘em) (range values) The “Observations are the most primitive” viewpoint #2 – observations are range-value-providers for coverages

17. CSIRO AGU Fall 2007 – IN43C-07 Cox Key points Earth scientists use multiple viewpoints onto their data These can be reconciled through a robust data model Service interfaces to the different viewpoints can be composed in various ways, based on a simple set of OGC components

18. Contact Us Phone: 1300 363 400 or +61 3 9545 2176 Email: enquiries@csiro.au Web: www.csiro.au Thank you Exploration & Mining Simon Cox Research Scientist Phone: 08 6436 8639 Email: Simon.Cox@csiro.au Web: www.seegrid.csiro.au

19. CSIRO AGU Fall 2007 – IN43C-07 Cox Observations, features and coverages Feature summary Property-value evidence Multiple observations one feature, different properties: feature summary evidence A property-value may be a coverage Same property on multiple samples is a another kind of coverage Multiple observations different features, one property: coverage evidence

20. CSIRO AGU Fall 2007 – IN43C-07 Cox WFS Operation

21. CSIRO AGU Fall 2007 – IN43C-07 Cox Multiple interfaces to same information? SOS::GetObservation == WFS::GetFeature(type=Observation) SOS::GetResult == WCS::GetCoverage SOS::DescribeSensor == WFS::GetFeature(type=Sensor) or CSW::GetRecordById “Profile” generic operations fix one or more parameters

22. CSIRO AGU Fall 2007 – IN43C-07 Cox Service profiles WFS is “soft-typed” Any feature-type Query scoped by response model Strong-typed service = profile of generic service-type Limit response model SOS = WFS(feature-type=Observation) GeoSciML-service = WFS(feature-type=gsml:*) Spectral Data Service = WCS(domain=wavelength) Limit query model Queriable properties = subset of response model Conformance-levels? Level 0 – spatial queries only Level 1 – only these props Level 2 – complete WFS