1. Farmer First Revisited 12 – 14 December 2007 at the Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, UK Presentation, Theme 2b, The Future of Extension Discussant: Rob Tripp (ODI)

2. WHAT IS THE FUTURE OF EXTENSION? Qi Gubo. Farmer centred research in China Amanuel Asefa. Farmer-led innovation in Ethiopia Paul Van Mele. Role of IARCs in strengthening extension Hlamalani Ngwenya and Jurgen Hagmann. Facilitation for change in South Africa Richard Ewbank et al. Farmer participatory research in northern Tanzania Niels Rolling and Janice Jiggins. Trans-disciplinary science and resource-poor farmers Ahmad Salahuddin. Values in agricultural research and development Yunita Winarto. Farmer field schools in Indonesia

3. Some Definitions for a Discussion of Extension Public extension. Centralized, deconcentrated, devolved, or delegated. Private extension (strict definition) NGOs (need to distinguish various types) Farmer organizations (ditto) Farmer-to-farmer (strict definition)

4. An Approach to the Discussion The role of institutions Useful to distinguish three themes: The organization of the extension provider The techniques and methods used for extension The organization of the extension users

5. 1. The Organization of the Providers Incentives. Accountability and evaluation Scale. How to move beyond small projects; the role of government; “scaling up” Multiple extension sources. The appropriate mix; can you have too many? Links to research

6. 2. Methods and Techniques Nuts and bolts. Experience of this workshop Need to ask which methods for which types of extension provision, and for what types of recipients How to evaluate these methods and learn from experience

7. 3. The Organization of the Recipients Not (necessarily) about formal farmer organizations. Rather issues such as: How to establish demand-led systems; empowerment, choice Feedback and iteration. (If extension is like a conversation) Modalities in rural organization that can accommodate small, ephemeral groups and projects Clearinghouses for information from different sources