1.  Definitions and Disagreements, & Extension and Intention Modes of Definition, & Presupposition Disputes Week 11 and 12

2.  the achievement of human knowledge is often hampered by the use of words without fixed signification. Needless controversy is sometimes produced and perpetuated by an unacknowledged ambiguity in the application of key terms.  John Locke

3. Definitions and disagreements  Definitions are the meaning of words  Disagreements refer to a dispute over the meaning of a word  Verbal disputes come from people not having the same meaning of a word or expression.  In order to avoid a long lasting dispute; it is a good idea to deal with verbal disagreements as they arise.

4.  Diamond: Men and women are equal. Ethan G.: No. Women have less chance of asserting themselves in society.   IS there a clear definition in the statements above to draw a conclusion? If not can anybody provide the next line for Diamond?

5. Exercise 1  Diamond: Men and women are equal. Ethan G.: No. Women have less chance of asserting themselves in society.  Diamond: I meant they have the same legal rights.

6. Exercise 2: Pronouns  1. Though many participants resisted the rescheduling, they changed the date of the city- wide spelling bee from January 26 to February 3. 2.  2. In Professor Kinsey’s article, they state that the number of fruit flies in the local area has dramatically decreased in recent years.  3. In the nineteenth century, you had to work twelve hour days.

7. Vocabulary: extensions and intentions  Our vocabulary is made up of general terms with specific meanings, but there are two distinct meanings for each word.  Extension- A collection of things correctly applied to the definition.  Intension- a set of features which are shared by everything to which it applies.

8. Examples Extension: Chair  Every chair that has been, is, or will be in the world. Intension: Chair  A chair is a piece of furniture designed to be sat on.  Even further: instead of designed use purpose. Or say only designed

9. Real World  As we add more qualifications to the intension; the extension decreases.

10. Exercise 3  Give an intentional definition for each of the following words:  Shoe  Hope  Wire  Green  Politician  Table  Now rank then easiest to hardest to define

11.  Give an extensionally definition for each of the following words:  Run  Hope  Wire  Green  Politician  Table  Now rank then easiest to hardest to define

12. Question  If class A has 23 students  Class B has 25 students  Class C has 24 students  Class D has 29 students  And Class E has 24 students  Then what is the mode of all the classes

13. Modes of Definition  In general terms, mode refers the most frequent of something.  In logic, mode of definition refers to the most accepted definition.  Lexical definition- how a word is used  Stipulative definition- assigns meaning to word, or new meaning to a word  Combination  Précising definition- helps avoid vagueness and randomness. Begins with lexical and becomes more stipulative.

14.  The more specific we are in our definitions. The clearer we will be.  Think of this like biological classifications.  Kingdom  Phylum  Class  Order  Family  Genus  Species

15. Presupposition  Assumes if the first premise is true, then the second premise must be true  Corollary: If the first premise is not true, then the second premise is not true.  Corollary 2: Assumes there are no hidden meanings  Ie. This PPT is in English  All of this class understands English  All this class understands this PPT  Ie: That dog won’t hunt.

16. Identify all the presumptions in the sentence.  1.Why did you steal the money?  2. When do you want to go home?  3. You do the crime; then you do the time