1. KINESIOLOGY دکترامیر هوشنگ واحدی متخصص طب فیزیکی و توانبخشی قسمت 2

2. REFERENCES 1.CLINICAL KINESIOLOGY and ANATOMY BY Lynn S. Lippert 2.KINESIOLOGY of the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM BY DONALD A. NEUMANN, PT, PHD 3. KINANTHROPOMETRY AND EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY MANUAL by Roger Eston and Thomas Reilly 4.Fundamentals of Biomechanics BY Duane Knudson 5.Kin anthropometry IV by William Duquet 6.KINESIOLOGY BY oatis 7.BIOMECHANICAL EVALUATION OF MOVEMENT IN SPORT AND EXERCISE by Carl J. Payton and Roger M. Bartlett 8.Therapeutic Exercise Foundations and Techniques by Carolyn Kisner

3. Contents Kinematic Types of Displacement Axes of rotation Arthrokinematic Movement OPEN and CLOSE-PACKED POSITION The types of accessory motions Location of Displacement in Space Biomechanical Principles Muscle & Joint & Bone Structure and Function

4. kinematic

5. There are five kinematic variables that fully describe motion or displacement of a segment: 1. The type of displacement(motion) 2. The location in space of the displacement 3. The direction of displacement of the segment 4. The magnitude of the displacement 5. The rate of displacement or rate of change of displacement (velocity or acceleration).

6. Types of Displacement 1.Translator motion (linear displacement) 2.Rotator motion (angular displacement) 3.General Motion(combinations of rotation and translation) a.Curvilinear (plane or planar) motion b.Three-dimensional motion( helical axis of motion or screw axis of motion.)

7. Classification based on path of motion  linear (or rectilinear) motion ： all parts of a moving body move in the same direction and the path follows a straight line  curvilinear motion ： body move toward the same direction although the path follows a curved line, e.g. the path of the center of mass of the body during level walking  rotary motion (angular motion, rotation) ： all parts of the moving object rotate in the same angular direction and follow a circular path about a pivot point

11. How do we describe motion at a joint? JOINT FORCES AND MOVEMENT  OSTEOKINEMATIC MOVEMENT  ARTHROKINEMATIC MOVEMENT CLOSE-PACKED POSITION LOOSE-PACKED POSITION

12. CLOSE-PACKED POSITION  When a joint is congruent, it is in the close- packed position.  The joint surfaces have maximum contact with each other, are tightly compressed  usually occurs at one extreme of the ROM. (near the end of a joints ROM )  When a joint is swollen, it cannot be moved into the close-packed position.

13. LOOSE-PACKED POSITION  When the joint is incongruent, it is in the open- packed position.  The position of maximum in congruency is called the open-packed or loose-packed position. It is also referred to as the resting position  The ligaments and capsular structures tend to be more relaxed, joint mobilization techniques are best applied in the open-packed position

15. The types of accessory motions  It is these open-packed positions that allow for the roll, spin, and glide (accessory motions) necessary for normal joint motion.

17.  Roll’ Multiple points along one rotating articular surface contact multiple points on another articular surface.  Slide A single point on one articular surface contacts multiple points on another articular surface.  Spin A single point on one articular surface rotates on a single point on another articular surface.

18. Roll:  New points on each surface come into contact throughout the motion (Fig. 4-3). Examples include the surface of your shoe on the floor during walking, or a ball rolling across the ground

19. Glide, or slide  Glide, or slide, is linear movement of a joint surface parallel to the plane of the adjoining joint surface (Fig. 4-4). In other words, one point on a joint surface contacts new points on the adjacent surface. An ice skater’s skate blade (one point) sliding across the ice surface (many points) demonstrates the glide motion.

20. Spin  Spin is the rotation of the movable joint surface on the fixed adjacent surface (Fig. 4-5). Essentially the same point on each surface motions are occurring except that the tibia is moving on the femur, and the spin motion is lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur

21. A three-dimensional analysis is necessary for a complete representation o f human motion Direction of Displacement

22. Axes of rotation

24. Location of Displacement in Space  As is true for rotatory motions, translatory motions of a segment can occur in one of two directions along any of the three axes.

25. 1-25 Shoulder girdle Scapula elevation Scapula depression Scapula abduction Scapula adduction Scapula upward rotation Scapula downward rotation

26. 1-26 Glen humeral Shoulder flexion Shoulder extension Shoulder abduction Shoulder adduction Shoulder horizontal abduction Shoulder horizontal adduction Shoulder external rotation Shoulder internal rotation

27. 1-27 ElbowRadioulnar joints Elbow flexionElbow extension Radioulnar supination Radioulnar pronation

28. 1-28 Radioulnar joints Wrist extension Wrist flexionWrist abduction Wrist adduction

29. 1-29 Thumb carp metacarpal joint Thumb metacarpophalangeal joint Thumb interphalangeal joint Thumb CMC flexion Thumb CMC extension Thumb CMC abduction Thumb MCP flexion Thumb MCP extension Thumb IP flexion Thumb IP extension

30. 1-30 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th MCP, PIP, & DIP joints 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th MCP & PIP joints 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th metacarpophalangeal joints 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th PIP joints 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th DIP joints 2-5th MCP, PIP, & DIP flexion 2-5th MCP, PIP, & DIP extension 2-5th MCP & PIP flexion 2-5th MCP flexion 2-5th MCP extension 2-5th PIP flexion 2-5th DIP flexion

31. 1-31 Hip Hip flexion Hip extension Hip abduction Hip adduction Hip external rotation Hip internal rotation

32. 1-32 Knee Knee flexionKnee extension Knee external rotation Knee internal rotation

33. 1-33 Ankle Transverse tarsal and subtalar joint Ankle plantar flexion Ankle dorsal flexion Transverse tarsal & subtalar inversion Transverse tarsal & subtalar eversion

34. 1-34 Great toe metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints 2-5th metatarsophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalangeal joints Great toe MTP & IP flexion Great toe MTP & IP extension 2-5th MTP, PIP & DIP flexion 2-5th MTP, PIP & DIP extension

35. 1-35 Cervical spine Cervical flexion Cervical extension Cervical lateral flexion Cervical rotation unilaterally

36. 1-36 Lumbar spine Lumbar flexion Lumbar extension Lumbar lateral flexion Lumbar rotation unilaterally

40. Magnitude of Displacement  The magnitude of rotatory motion (or angular displacement) of a segment can be given either in degrees or in radians

41. Rate of Displacement  Although the magnitude of displacement is important, the rate of change in position of the segment (the displacement per unit time) is equally important.  velocity :displacement per unit time  Acceleration: the change in velocity per unit time is

42. Thanks for your attention