1. Warm-Up # 10 9/27/12 1) What are the four macromolecules essential for all life? 2) What is one food example of a carbohydrate? 3) What is one food example of a lipid? 4) What is one food example of a protein? 5) What is one example of a nucleic Acid? 6) When is your next quiz and what is it on?

2. Warm-Up # 9 9/26/12 1) Water sticking to water is called____. 2) Some insects can stand on water because water has a high _________. 3) label the water molecule with O, H, +, and – O, H, +, and – 4) 4) Match the pH scale with the following word: Neutral, Strong Acid, Strong Base, Weak Acid, Weak Base QUIZ TODAY

3. Macromolecules Unit 2 Biochemistry

4. What Will We Learn Today? EQ: What molecules make up all living things? Objective: differentiate between the four types of molecules.

5. Organic Chemistry Carbon –most versatile element –bonds with many different elements (H, O, S, N, P, C) –forms large and complex structures.

6. Macromolecules Means giant molecules Small units called monomers join to form large units called polymers which are the same as macromolecules There are 4 groups –Carbohydrates –Lipids –Nucleic acids –Proteins

7. Macromolecules NameExamplesFunction Main elements Structure Carbohy-drates Lipids Nucleic Acids Proteins

8. CarbohydratesExamplesFunction Main Elements Structure Sugars Glucose (MONOSACCHARIDE) Cellulose Fructose Lactose Starch-stored form of sugar (POLYSACCHARIDE)Energy Structure— cell walls CHO Monomer= single sugar Polymer= starch

9. glucose Glycogen or starch

10. ExamplesFunction Main Elements Structure FatsOilsWaxes *not water soluble Stored energy Structure— cell membrane Protective coverings CHOSaturated/ Unsaturated Fats Glycerol + 2 or 3 Fatty acid chains Lipids

11. Lipid: Glycerol + 2 or 3 Fatty Acids Di-glycerides are mostly plant oils & waxes Tri-glycerides are mostly animal fats Fatty Acids = Carbon Chains

12. ExamplesFunction Main Elements Structure DNARNA Carries hereditary information CHOPN Monomer = nucleotides Polymer = DNA or RNA Nucleic Acids

13. nucleotide

14. ExamplesFunction Main Elements Structure Enzymes Lactase Catalase AntibodiesInsulinHemoglobin Control reaction rate Form structures Transport substances Fight diseases CHONS Monomer = Amino Acids Polymer = Proteins Proteins

16. Macromolecule Activity With your clock buddy, you will: –Cut all word and pictures from the handouts –Glue words and pictures on to construction paper –Organize them into Carbs, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids –You will do two macromolecules and your partner will do the other two –Label everything you can –Use your notes from today

17. Warm-Up #12 10/1/12 1) When is your next quiz? Test? 2) What is the monomer of a protein? 3) What is the monomer of a nucleic acid? 4) What sugar is found in plant cell walls?

18. EQ: What affect does enzymes have on a reaction?

19. Chemical Reactions Changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals Require energy Reactants IN Products OUT Chemical bonds are ALWAYS broken and new bonds are formed 2H 2 + O 2  2H 2 O

20. Energy in Reactions Some reactions absorb energy Energy-Absorbing Reaction Energy-Releasing Reaction Products Activation energy Activation energy Reactants Energy-Absorbing Reaction Energy-Releasing Reaction Products Activation energy Activation energy Reactants Some reactions release energy

21. Energy in Reactions Energy can be released as heat, light, or sound. Living organisms need energy source to carry out chemical reactions. Some reactions need activation energy to get started. (activation energy)

22. Enzymes A catalyst speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. An enzyme is a catalyst for a biological chemical reaction—inside cells! Enzymes are very specific—one enzyme for one chemical reaction.

23. Enzymes Substrates (reactants) attach to the active site of a specific enzyme. (enzyme- substrate complex When the enzyme-substrate complex is formed, the enzyme converts the substrate into products. The products are released. The enzyme can carry out another reaction.

24. Glucose Substrates ATP Substrates bind to enzyme Substrates are converted into products Enzyme-substrate complex Enzyme (hexokinase) ADP Products Glucose-6- phosphate Products are released Active site

25. Enzymes Work best at certain pH and temperature levels. Enzymes in humans work best at 37°C, normal body temperature.