1. PPT:
European History

2. Reformation
Began in the 1500s and was a movement to correct problems in the Catholic Church.
Christians break away from the Catholic Church and started Protestant churches.
Religious wars tore apart Europe.

3. What 4 areas make up the United Kingdom?

4. United Kingdom: - built a Global Empire in 1800’s
England took control of its neighbors: Wales, Ireland, & Scotland
1801: Northern Ireland, England, Wales, & Scotland became known as the United Kingdom (UK ).
1800s: England wanted to gain more resources and markets so they colonized the Americas, Asia, and Africa
Result = English language spread and now spoken in more countries worldwide.

5. During Industrial Revolution
Machines replaced hand tools
Steam power replaced human & animal power
People continued to farm, but the economy began to shift towards manufacturing

6. 1700s: Industrialization Begins in Britain
Industrialization occurred in Europe: led to growth of factories - New technologies developed that transformed the textile industry
1764 Spinning Jenny: by James Hargreaves – spun several threads at once
Richard Arkwright’s Water Frame – held 100 spindles of thread; water powered

7. The Irish Famine
British seized land from Catholics & gave it to Protestants.
Left Irish in poverty
1840s – potato crops failed & caused famine –severe food shortage .
Over 1 million Irish Immigrated to other countries and to U.S.
1921 – Republic of Ireland gained independence

8. What happened to Eastern European Countries after WWII?

9. Europe after WWII: “Iron Curtain” in red

10. Soviet Union After World War II
During WWII: Soviet Union advanced through Eastern Europe – part of the Allied strategy to crush Germany
After WWII: Soviet Union refuses to leave the Eastern countries
Soviet Union set up Communist governments & dominated many Eastern European countries - became Soviet Satellite Nations

11. What happened to Germany after WWII?
Germany was divided and occupied by:
Britain - Orange
France - Blue
U.S. - Yellow
Soviet Union - Pink

12. Germany After WWII
*Germany divided after WWII: Controlled by Britain, France, U.S., and Soviet Union
Germany split into two nations after WWII:
West Germany – democratic government
East Germany – Communist government
Capital City of Berlin also split into two parts and Berlin Wall was built to separate the Eastern section
1989 – Berlin Wall is brought down
1990 East and West Germany reunited– with a democratic government.

13. Berlin Wall: Surrounded West Berlin

14. The Wall Comes Down

15. Anti-Semitism Anti-Semitism is discrimination against Jewish people
Nazis were anti-Semitic: they murdered millions of European Jews - called the .

16. Serbia and Ethnic Cleansing
Serbia never forgot that they were defeated in Kosovo.
In the 1990s, Kosovo was inhabited by Albanians, whose religion was Islam.
Serbia, led by Slobodan Milosevic, began a campaign of ethnic cleansing against the Albanians in Kosovo.
1999: NATO started bombing Serbia, and Milosevic withdrew his troops from Kosovo.

17. Timeline World War I – 1914-1918 World War II – 1939-1945 (Holocaust)
After WWII: Communist domination in Eastern Europe by Soviet Union
1989 Berlin Wall falls
More freedom & elections – independence
Republics of Yugoslavia – 1990’s: 4 of the 6 separate --- civil war follows

18. Rest of PPT not for Test

19. Continued:
Led to Balkanization: the process of breaking up a region into several small, hostile states.
Serbia tries to free the Slavs in Austria-Hungary
1914 – a Serb assassinated an Austrian noble which starts World War I

20. War After War in the Balkans
Balkan nations = Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, Romania, & Serbia
Ottomans controlled the Balkans; Balkans gained freedom in 1908; fought again in 1912
Balkan countries fought over who should control the remaining Ottoman territory they won

21. Crusades in 1096 Renaissance
European Christians fight a series of wars to take Palestine from the Muslims.
Some Italian city-states became rich from selling supplies to ships taking part in the Crusades.
Renaissance from the 14th thru 16th centuries
Began in Rome, Italy.
Renewed interest in learning and the arts & stressed classical culture (art & writings).
Scholars question authority.
Renaissance