2. 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 VistA Needs Assessment Vendor Selection Role of Information ROI

3. VistA for 100 Points VistA stands for?

4. Veterans Health Information System and Technology Architecture

5. VistA for 200 When did work on VistA began?

6. Work on the laboratory system began in 1968

7. Personal Health Records for 300 Auto-population

8. What is the name for the automatic insertion of reusable content into personal health records?

9. EHR Use for 400

11. EHR Use for 500

13. Needs Assessment for 100 Which of the following should be followed in assessing information needs for strategic decisions? 1.Focus on future decisions 2.Involve more than the decision maker 3.Check importance of information within specific decisions 4.Numerically rate relative importance of information items

14. All of these principles should be followed

15. Needs Assessment for 200 What is the relationship between essential information, rapid data collection and periodic data collection. Describe this relationship in terms of range and average of ratings?

17. Needs Assessment for 300 Use Case

18. What term is used to describe the behavior of an information system under a particular scenario?

19. Needs Assessment for 400 How is an EHR for pediatric department different from EHR for other purposes? What are 5 unique needs of a pediatric clinic?

20. 1.Growth data. 2.Multiple patient identifier. 3.Special terminology and information 4.Age-based normal ranges 5.Time of birth 6.Prescribing of medications 7.Immunizations 8.Alerts for contraindications 9.Parents' special documentation requirements 10.Reporting Derived from consensus of Pediatric Association’s Committee

21. Needs Assessment for 500 Which information is essential and which needs rapid data collection? Information items Decisions Well visitColddiabetes Demographics241 Patient symptoms277 Patient risks717 History345 Insurance654

22. Information items Decisions Rapid collection Well visitColddiabetesRangeAverageEssential Demographics24132.33 Patient symptoms27755.33Yes Patient risks71765.00Yes History34524.00 Insurance65425.00Yes Median35

23. Vendor Selection for 100 Why meet before the meeting?

24. To postpone evaluation of ideas of group members

25. Vendor Selection for 200 In Eden's 2002 survey of practices, what attributes were identified as important when selecting a vendor

26. 1. The software appeared easy to use 2. Software appeared to improve one or more of the business processes 3. The software provided the most value for cost 4. The software would help long term business strategy 5. The vendor was responsive to practice information needs 6. There were strong testimonies from prior users 7. The software was already in use by other sites affiliated with this practice 8. Software was compatible with existing systems in the practice

27. Vendor Selection for 300 In the attribute “Ease of use” three levels were identified: Less than 2 minutes, 2-4 minutes and more than 4 minutes to enter a standard case. These levels were rated as 60, 90 and 100. Put these scores in standardized format ranging from 0 to 100.

28. Less than 2 minutes, 0 2-4 minutes, 100*(90-60)/(100-60)=75 More than 4 minutes, 100

29. Vendor Selection for 400 The decision maker believes that impact on business processes is 5 times more important than compatibility with existing systems and compatibility with existing systems is 3 times more important than cost, what are the relative weights of the three attributes for evaluating vendors

30. Weights as multiples of least important attribute Relative Weights Business process improvement1500.79 Compatibility with existing systems300.16 Cost100.05 Sum1901

31. Vendor Selection for 500 What are three ways of assessing performance of a vendor?

32. Rating Performance 1.Expert ratings: Current users of the system or people familiar with the systems are asked to rate all of the vendors on each of the attribute levels. 2.Standard cases and objective measures: Vendors are provided standardized cases and asked to use their information systems to enter the relevant data. 3.Subjective ratings of the vendor selection committee: Vendors are invited to demonstrate their systems. Members of the vendor selection committee use the system and watch the operations of the system and rate the performance of the vendors on each attribute/criteria.

33. Role of Information for 100 Known beyond random chance predictions

34. What was Shannon’s definition of information?

35. Role of Information for 200 What are five ways in which people distort information?

36. 1. Plunging in before full examination 2. Solving wrong problems 3. Narrow view 4. Overconfidence 5. Shortsighted shortcuts 6. Shooting from the hip 7. Equating popularity with accuracy 8. Fooling yourself 9. Not keeping track 10.Not checking

37. Role of Information for 600 Reduction of number of viable alternatives Daily Double

38. What is the definition of information? How do we know if a person is informed?

39. Role of Information for 400 What are five steps that data go through before it becomes information?

40. Steps in Processing Data 1.acquisition of data 2.classification of data 3.storage of data 4.retrieval of data 5.editing of data 6.quality control of process that produced the data; 7.aggregation of data 8.hypothesis generation 9.description of data 10.test of analysis assumptions 11.Analysis 12.extrapolation of implications of findings 13.presentation of data 14.distribution of reports 15.evaluation of effectiveness of reports

41. Role of Information for 500 What happened to the cost of information processing in different decades?

42. Costs went down Processing costs in 1950s Storage costs in 1960s Transmission costs in 1970s. Input/output costs, 1980s Internet marketing costs, 1990s Broadband costs, 2000s

43. ROI for 100 What are traditional areas were EHRs are assumed to reduce costs?

44. Materials (paper, etc.), Personnel Time, Transcription and Space

45. ROI for 200 What advantages the proposed method of calculating business value of IT has over the traditional method?

46. A.Analysis is based on objective data B.Costs and benefits included are comprehensive –Does not underestimate which business processes might be affected by new IT investments. –Does not overestimate the potential future benefits. C.Examines causal relation between investment and returns.

47. ROI for 300 After implementing EHR in a practice, what area is the biggest contributor to cost increase or cost savings?

48. Many assume that reductions in paper and personnel is the most likely impact. In reality, changes in care processes and productivity are the largest likely impact on cost.

49. ROI for 400 End of Year Start123 IT cost$100,000$5,000 Revenues$10,000$80,000$100,000

51. ROI for 500 Can we claim that IT investment (cost) has led to increased revenue? Why? Revenues EHR investmentEHR use Revenue1 EHR Investment0.891 EHR Use0.980.81

52. No The partial correlation of “Invest/Cost→ Use→ Revenue” is supported less than “Revenue→ Invest/Cost →Use “