1. Chapter 7
American Revolution

2. Section 1: Revolution Begins
First Continental Congress-
Met in Philadelphia
Georgia was the only one who did not send a Representative.
Meet to decide how to deal with the crisis in Boston
Some thought to make peace, but some thought to fight.

3. Shot heard around the World
Minutemen- local militia who ready to fight on a minute.
Thomas Gage- British general who decided to take away the minutemen’s weapons and ammunition.
Paul Revere- warned the minutemen that the British were coming.

4. Lexington and Concord
British soldiers marched to Concord to confiscate the minutemen’s ammunition.
Lexington- Village where the shot heard around the world took place. First battle of the Revolution.
Concord- British soldiers took the ammunition.
Red coats- nickname of the British soldiers.

5. Second Continental Congress
Met in Philadelphia to decide how to react to the fighting.
Continental Army- created to defend the colonies.
George Washington- commanded the Continental Army.
Olive Branch Petition- was the peace petition that was rejected by King George III.

6. Early Battles Battle of Bunker Hill and Breeds Hill
Minutemen held their positions but had to retreat.
400 American casualties and British had 1,000 casualties.

7. Declaring Independence
Thomas Paines Common Sense- document that made independence popular.
Urged for the colonies to break away from Britain.
People should make the laws not Kings and Queens.

8. Declaring Independence
Declaration of Independence- Written by Thomas Jefferson.
3 main ideas
1. Men possess unalienable rights of life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness. (John Locke)
2. King George III violated colonist rights.
3. Colonists had the right to break away due to John Locke’s theory of social contract theory.

9. Choosing Sides Patriots- Chose to fight for independence.
Loyalist or Tories- remained loyal to Britain.
Some Loyalist were abused by Patriots

10. Reactions to the Declaration
Abigail Adams- wife of John Adams was worried about women rights.
Declaration did not recognized rights of women and enslaved African Americans.

11. Declaration of Independence
1st part address’s Natural Rights
2nd part address’s complaints against the King.

12. Section 2: Dark Hours of the Revolution
What were the patriot’s advantages and disadvantages at the beginning of the Revolutionary war.
How did different groups contribute to the war effort.
What problems did the Patriots face in Canada and New York?

13. Comparing Strength and Weakness
British Advantages
More money and resources
Powerful military and largest navy
Well Trained troops
Disadvantages
deal with hostile citizens
Supplies shipped across Atlantic Ocean
Army was made up of mercenaries

14. Patriots Advantages
Support of the colonist
fighting on homeland
fighting for beliefs
Disadvantages
Weak navy
Poorly trained troops
Lack of supplies

15. Call to Arms 230,000 joined the Continental Army
145,000 joined local militias
Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation
Promised freedom to any slave who fought for the British.

16. Other Sources of Help Thayendanega- A.K.A.- Joseph Brant-
A Mohawk leader that was one of Great Britain’s key allies.
Molly Pitcher- Mary Ludwig Hays- earned her nickname bringing thirsty troops water.
Loaded cannons after her husband was killed in battle.

17. British Victory
General William Howe- captured New York.

18. Section 4: Victory in New Jersey
Thomas Paines “Crisis”- These are the times that tries men souls.
Battle of Trenton-
Washington Crossed the Delaware river on Christmas day.
Patriots captured 900 Hessians.
Battle of Princeton- surprised the British.

19. Turning point of Saratoga
General John Burgoyne- retook the Fort Ticonderoga.
Battle of Brandywine Creek- Howe’s troops defeated Washington, but allowed Patriots to escape.
Burgoyne was left outnumbered near Albany
Battle of Saratoga- General Horatio Gates drove back the British.

20. Foreign Allies Spain and France secretly aided the Americans.
Bernardo de Galvez- governor of Louisiana was a key alley for America.
Marquis de Lafayette- Wealthy Frenchman who fought in the revolution and donated 200,000 dollars to the war effort.

21. Winter at Valley Forge
Washington’s troops suffered bitter cold, shortages of food, and clothing.
Friedrich von Steuben- with a combination of respect and fear, he turned the Continental Army into a well trained group of soldiers.

22. War at sea John Paul Jones- Most successful American captain.
American navy used smaller ships and fought smaller battles.

23. War in the West
George Rogers Clark- captured British trading village along the Mississippi River.
Battle of Vincennes-
Help to weaken British army in the West.

24. War in the South Savannah and Charleston fell to the British
Guerilla Warfare- swift and hit and run attacks.
Francis Marion - (Swamp Fox) used surprised attacks to destroy British communications and supply lines.

25. Victory at Yorktown
Benedict Arnold- betrayed the patriots and turned to the British.
General Cornwallis- British general sought to end the war by taking Yorktown, Virginia.
Washington and Comte Rochamberge- surrounded Cornwallis troops.
Battle of Yorktown- Cornwallis surrendered to Washington.

26. Treaty of Paris of 1783
British recognized the independence of United States.
Set new borders
Great Lakes bounded the North and the Mississippi River served as the western border.