1. Important philosophers, ideas, and connections to modern society
Enlightenment
Important philosophers, ideas, and connections to modern society

2. WICKED SMAHT PEOPLE!
Shaped British and other European societies’ philosophies
Influenced government, trade, and social structures
Are men inherently good?
Why are we here?
What should the role of government be?
Will government ever truly represent the people’s interests?

4. Music Links Aretha Franklin, “Respect” ZZ Top, “Bad to the Bone”
Beatles, “Revolution”
Pink Floyd, “Money”

5. Thomas Hobbes Modern founder of ‘social contract’ tradition
Life in state of nature = “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short”
Needs a strong central government to keep people in order
Men must forfeit some personal freedoms for the benefit of having a strong ruler who maintains a peaceful and orderly society

6. John Locke Blank slate theory Natural rights
Man has the right to overthrow a ruler who does not protect those rights

7. Voltaire
Tolerance
Freedom of speech and religion

8. Montesquieu
Separation of government
Checks and balances

9. Rousseau Noble Savage Ideas on education Social contract General Will
Morality is natural; instinctive disinclination to witness suffering  compassion and empathy
Ideas on education
Social contract
General Will
If you submit to the authority of the general will of the people as a whole guarantees individuals against being subordinated to the wills of others and also ensures that they obey themselves because they are, collectively, the authors of the law.

10. Adam Smith Capitalism The invisible hand
Market metaphor: marketplace will self-regulate; individuals can make profit and maximize it without the need for government intervention

11. Mary Wollstonecraft
Women’s rights

12. Cesare Becarria
Opposed torture

13. Benjamin Franklin Rene Descartes Immanuel Kant Isaac Newton Thomas Paine

14. Music Links Aretha Franklin, “Respect” ZZ Top, “Bad to the Bone”
Beatles, “Revolution”
Pink Floyd, “Money”