1. Taxonomy – how organisms are grouped

2. In other words, naming things.
Taxonomy
Defined:
Discipline of classifying organisms and assigning each organism a universally accepted name.
In other words, naming things.

3. Why common names don’t work
Common names vary among languages.
Example:
United Kingdom – Buzzard refers to a hawk
United States – Buzzard refers to a vulture
Red-tailed Hawk
Honey Buzzard
Turkey Vulture

4. History Aristotle – grouped organisms by basic characteristics
Ex blood or no blood
Scientists would describe the appearance of an organism in great detail.
Very long process
Modern naming of animals – Carolus Linnaeus

5. Carolus Linnaeus (1707 – 1708)
Created the system of naming we use today.
Developed Binomial Nomenclature (a system that used 2 latin words to describe an organism.
The First word is the GENUS of the organism.
The second is the SPECIES of the organism.
In taxonomy, a group or level of organization is called a taxonomic category or taxon.

6. Using your name, what would be your name in Binomial nomenclature?
Ex: Mrs. Beard’s first name is Amy, so her scientific name is
Beard amy
Yours:

7. Example of Binomial Nomenclature
Polar Bear is Ursus maritimus
Ursus: genus
Ursus contains 5 other kinds of bears
maritimus: species
The Latin word, maritimus, refers to the sea.
Polar bears often live on pack ice that floats in the sea.

8. Examples of Binomial Nomenclature
Polar Bear = Ursus martimus
Grizzly Bear = Ursus arctos horribilus
Black Bear = Ursus americanus

9. In addition to Genus and Species, each organism has other categories it can belong to. These categories are called TAXA(plural) or TAXON (singular)

10. Each organism has its own…
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

11. How to remember: Da King Phillip Came Over For Green Salad
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

12. Definitions to know
Species: group of similar organisms that can breed and reproduce
Genus: group of closely related species

13. Family: Group of genera that share many
characteristics
Order: Group of similar families
Class: Group of similar orders
Phylum: Group of closely related classes
Kingdom: Largest taxonomic group,
consisting of closely related
phyla.

14. What do these mean?...lets see
Here We Go… Polar Bear
Species: maritimus
Genus: Ursus
Family: Ursidae
Order: Carnivora
Class: Mammalia
Phylum: Chordata
Kingdom: Animilia
Domain: Eukarya
What do these mean?...lets see

15. What they mean Species: maritimus (lives in marine environment)
Genus: Ursus (kind of bear)
Family: Ursidae (larger category of bears)
Order: Carnivora (meat-eating animals)
Class: Mammalia (warm-blooded, hair, & milk)
Phylum: Chordata (vertebrates)
Kingdom: Animilia (there are 6 kingdoms)

16. Phylum
Chordata
Class
Mammalia
Order
Carnivora
Family
Ursidae
Genus Ursus
Species
maritimus

18. For humans…this is their taxonomic classification:
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primate
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: sapiens

19. Ways to identify organisms
Dichotomous Key
Statements that describe organisms to help identify them
Always start with the first 2 statements
Cladogram
A diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms.

21. Classification Using Cladograms

22. Segmentation Free swimming Larva Molted Exoskeleton
Crustaceans
Gastropods
Molted Exoskeleton
Using Cladograms, you can see that crabs and barnacles share similar characteristics because they both molt & are segmented
Segmentation
Free swimming Larva

24. These are T4 Bacteriophage
Where do viruses go?
Viruses: Are particles of nucleic acid, protein, and in some cases lipids that can reproduce ONLY by infecting living cells.
Viruses are made of a core of either DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat.
These are T4 Bacteriophage
A bacteriophage is a virus which infects bacteria

25. Where do viruses go? (continued)
Viruses are not considered alive because they don’t have ALL the characteristics of life.
Example: They can’t reproduce independently
These are the Influenza Viruses
Influenza or "flu" is an infection of the respiratory tract that can affect millions of people every year.

26. The End.