1. “The Legend of the Khans”
The Mongol Empire
“The Legend of the Khans”
Mongolia is located in Central Asia, north of China
Early Mongolia was controlled by many nomadic tribes led by warlords
Mongolian culture revolved around hunting, fishing, fighting and the horse.

3. Genghis Khan
Temujin was born in one of the more combative areas of Mongolia
Many of his family members died in battle or were killed by in-fighting within the tribe.

4. Genghis Khan Temujin’s wife was kidnapped by a rival tribe
He was a skilled leader who
He recruited the best soldiers and military minds to be in his inner circle
Temujin proclaimed he was the rightful leader of the known world
He created a new government and destroyed all tribes that did not demonstrate loyalty to him.
In 1206 he became Genghis Khan, which translates into Universal Ruler

5. New Laws New Mongolian Order Kidnapping of women is forbidden
All children are legitimate
Women could no longer be sold into marriage
The stealing of animals is a capital offense
Regulation of hunting to the winter time
New Mongolian Order
Genghis Khan created a supreme officer of the law to oversee trials and introduced record keeping, put the native language into written form, and created an official seal

6. Conquering China
Genghis thought it was his destiny to conquer the world
China was a powerhouse in peril
In 1211, the Mongols crossed the Yellow River and seized Northern China

7. Mongol Attacks
Khan used a divide and conquer method to obtain military victory in China
Many Chinese communities feared the Mongols, so Genghis showed them benevolence and adopted them into his new empire
Those who opposed were ravaged with terror and bloodshed
The Mongols would start a battle with a rain of arrows
The Mongol army would surround and enclose their enemy on horseback.
Mongols wore silk shirts and light armor for quickness and to absorb arrow attacks

8. Military Conquests
Genghis captured Afghanistan and Persia to increase trade
Genghis captured Armenia and parts of Eastern Europe to open up access to the Caspian Sea
The Mongols also captured Korea, parts of Russia, and Hungary
The Mongolian Empire was the Largest Empire in history
Genghis Khan attempted to invade Japan, but the Mongols were shipwrecked as they tried to sail themselves and their horses to Japan

9. The Mongol Empire

10. Next Generation Ogodei Khan took over for his father in 1231
He continued Mongol conquests and was at the gates of Vienna before his death in 1241

11. Kublai Khan Kublai Khan was seen as the next great Khan
He stabilized Mongol government and territory
Kublai Khan conquered China in 1259 and declared himself Emperor
He named the new dynasty “Yuan”-which means “beginning.”
Visitors from all lands were welcome to Kublai Khan’s court.
A Christian from Europe, Marco Polo came from Venice, Italy. Marco Polo’s writings helped to increase trade with Europe and China.
China prospered only under Kublai Khan, but not under the later Khans, or emperors who followed him.
Kublai launched a new assault on Japan - a Mongol, Chinese and Korean force with 4,400 ships and 140,000 men, catapults, horses, combustible missiles, bows and arrows
They were defeated by a hurricane (kamikaze winds) off the south coast of Japan

12. Mongol Success
The Mongols found success due to their hands off policy of rule
After they conquered a community, they did not disturb that community’s way of life
Religious and Social Tolerance was a key factor in keeping the empire together
The biggest change was the taxes went to the Mongols to fund their wars and to build a new infrastructure