1. T HE O VARIES And the Corresponding Hormones and Gland By: Caitlin Beamer, Katie Waito, and Heather Campbell

2. L OCATION OF G LAND  Behind the Bladder  Near the Colon  On sides of the uterus  On the Fallopian Tubes  Has anchors www.pennstatehershey.org

3. H ORMONES P RODUCED 2 Steroid Hormones 1. Estrogen Produced in the ovaries, liver, adrenal glands, and breasts 2. Progesterone Produced in the brain, ovaries, and in pregnant woman’s uteruses Found in milk

4. T ARGET C ELLS Target Cells- are cells that alter their genetic material in reaction to a hormone that binds to the cell’s protein receptors. Estrogen: Uterine cells, Lipid cells, Breast cancer cells Progesterone: Myometrium cells, PR-A, and PR-B cells

5. E FFECTS OF THE H ORMONES Estrogen Dominance – is when there is an imbalance of progesterone and estrogen, either high levels of estrogen or low levels of progesterone. Progesterone counter balances estrogen. Some effects of Estrogen Dominance  Headaches and anxiety  Poor sleep patterns  Impairs blood sugar control, at risk of blood clots  Reduces oxygen levels in cells  Increases risk of breast and prostate cancer

6. E FFECT OF THE H ORMONES C ONT ’ D Some effects of Lower levels of Estrogen  Relieves hot flashes  Improves memory  Improves sleeping disorders Some effects of Normal levels of Estrogen  Enlarges breasts and hips  Decreases growth rate  Increases metabolic rate  Thickens the uterine lining  Stimulates the endometrium  Lubricates the vagina  Skin and bone health

7. E FFECT OF THE H ORMONES C ONT ’ D Some effects of Normal Progesterone Levels  Improves voice tone  Stimulates new bone production  Restores proper oxygen levels in cells  Decreases risk for cancer Some effects of Excess Progesterone Levels  Over Tired  Depression  Digestive Problems Some effects of Lower Progesterone Levels  Increase of heart, gall bladder, and autoimmune diseases  Increases risk of certain cancers

8. T RIGGERS / C ONTROLS  Estrogen is stimulated by the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)  FSH is controlled by another hormone called gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH)  Progesterone is stimulated by the luteinizing hormone (LH)  LH is also stimulated by GnRH Hypothalamus ---> GnRH --->Pituitary --->FSH---> Folicle ---> Estrogen Hypothalamus ---> GnRH ---> Pituitary ---> LH---> Corpus luteum ---> Progesterone

9. T RIGGERS / C ONTROLS C ONT ’ D http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultran et/BiologyPages/S/SexHormones.html# Regulation

10. C OMPLICATIONS Extreme Lack of Estrogen Lack of periods Hot flashes Thinning, wrinkling and general aging of skin Libido, vaginal dryness Mood swings Osteoporosis More likely for heart disease

11. C OMPLICATIONS C ONT ’ D Extreme Lack of Progesterone Anxiety/ depression Malfunctioning thyroid gland Increased risk of uterine cancer

12. W ORKS C ITED Definition: Ovaries. (n.d.). Retrieved June 8, 2009, from http://www.sharedjourney.com/define/ova.htmlhttp://www.sharedjourney.com/define/ova.html Ellis-Christensen, T. (2009, June 7). What are Some Low Progesterone Symptoms?. Retrieved June 8, 2009, from http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-some-low-progesterone-symptoms.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-some-low-progesterone-symptoms.htm Estrogen Target Cells. (n.d.). Retrieved June 8, 2009, from http://sciencedirect.comhttp://sciencedirect.com Estrogen or Progesterone. (n.d.). Retrieved June 5, 2009, from http://biomedx.com/bones/page10.htmlhttp://biomedx.com/bones/page10.html Hormones of the Reproductive System. (2007, June 23). Retrieved June 7, 2009, from http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/S/SexHormones.html#Regulation http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/S/SexHormones.html#Regulation Hormones. (n.d.). Retrieved June 8, 2009, from http://www.daisynetwork.org.uk/hormones.htmlhttp://www.daisynetwork.org.uk/hormones.html Howlett, D. T. (n.d.). Hormone Replacement Therapy. Retrieved June 7, 2009, from www.lnrmed.org.uk/Endocrinology/Endo_PDF/HRT%20Information%20Sheet.pdf www.lnrmed.org.uk/Endocrinology/Endo_PDF/HRT%20Information%20Sheet.pdf Lee, J. R., Zava, D., & Hopkins., V. (n.d.). Effects of Progesterone & Estrogen. Retrieved June 8, 2009, from http://www.johnleemd.com/store/premenstrual_syndrome.htmlhttp://www.johnleemd.com/store/premenstrual_syndrome.html Ovaries And Testes.. (n.d.). Retrieved June 8, 2009, from http://www.herbs2000.com/h_menu/gl_ovaries_testes.htm http://www.herbs2000.com/h_menu/gl_ovaries_testes.htm Parker, M. (n.d.). Complications of Ovarian Cysts Can Be Dangerous. Retrieved June 8, 2009, from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/complications-of-ovarian-cysts-can-be-dangerous.html http://www.buzzle.com/articles/complications-of-ovarian-cysts-can-be-dangerous.html Pieber, D., Allport, V., Hills, F., Johnson, M., & Bennett, P. (n.d.). Interactions between progesterone receptor isoform...[Mol Hum Reprod. 2001] - PubMed Result. Retrieved June 8, 2009, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed Progesterone. (2002, February 20). Retrieved June 8, 2009, from http://www.healthywomen.org/healthtopics/progesterone http://www.healthywomen.org/healthtopics/progesterone system, Â. s., & Â glands, t. (n.d.). endo.gl. Retrieved June 5, 2009, from http://library.thinkquest.org/26164/END.GLA.html http://library.thinkquest.org/26164/END.GLA.html