1. 26 giugno 2008Department of Textile Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-8311, Isfahan 1 INVESTIGATION OF CHARGING PROPERTIES OF CHARGEABLE TEXTILE BATTERIES D. Semnani, M. Sheikhzadeh, E. Halvani and M. Gholipour

2. 26 giugno 20082 SMART TEXTILES

3. 26 giugno 20083 CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATION Phase Change Materials Shape Memory Material Chromatic Materials Textiles Electronic/Conductive

4. 26 giugno 20084 ELEMENTS OF ELECTRONIC TEXTILE NetworkSensor Processing Unit Active Unit Power Unit Wireless

5. 26 giugno 20085 SMART CARPET

6. 26 giugno 20086 Conductive Textiles - Metallic Fibers - Metal Coated Fibers - Fiber Glass - Conductive polymer - Printed textile (ink jet printing)‏

7. 26 giugno 20087 SPECIAL METHODS HOT AND COLD Galvanization HOT AND COLD Galvanization –PAINTS –HARD COATING –ELECTICAL WELDING –FIRE –….

8. 26 giugno 20088 PROBLEMS - Cost - Weight - Temperature Effects - Electromagnetic Parasite - Electrical Discharge

9. 26 giugno 20089 POWER SOURCE IN TEXTILE STRUCTURE POWER SOURCE IN TEXTILE STRUCTURE Energy: Sun ray – Body temperature Energy: Sun ray – Body temperature Photoelectric Cell Photoelectric Cell Chargeable batteries attached to fabric Chargeable batteries attached to fabric Generation of chargeability in textile structure / Matrix Generation of chargeability in textile structure / Matrix

10. 26 giugno 200810 Commonly used batteries Ni-Cd battery Ni-MH battery) ] Li-ion battery)‏ RAM battery SLA battery

11. 26 giugno 200811 ElectrodeElectrolyteVoltage Internal impedance Currency Currency ability Charging cycle Capacity Energy density Rate of charging and discharging Usage time Self discharge rate PARAMETRERS

12. 26 giugno 200812 Ni-Cd

13. 26 giugno 200813  Positive Electrode -

14. 26 giugno 200814  Negative Electrode

15. 26 giugno 200815  Reaction

16. 26 giugno 200816 O2O2O2O2

17. 26 giugno 200817  METHODS  IDENTIFICATION OF CHRAGING COMPLETION  Standard Method Time Control Temperature Control Negative Voltage Deviation Drop Charge Ni-Cd Charging

18. 26 giugno 200818 Negative Voltage Deviation

19. 26 giugno 200819 Problems in Ni-Cd Over charging Dendrite shorting Cell reversal Environmental Effects

20. 26 giugno 200820  CASE : 3D fabric in spacer form

21. 26 giugno 200821 Features Flexibility Flexibility Low Weight Low Weight Air Permeability in active form Air Permeability in active form Resiliency Resiliency Transformation ability Transformation ability Washing ability Washing ability Durability Durability Wide range of patterns in side and middle layers Wide range of patterns in side and middle layers

22. 26 giugno 200822 MATERIALS

23. 26 giugno 200823  ELECTRODE CALCULATIONS/ENERGY ESTIMATION  THEORETICAL CALUCLATOION FOR CAPACITY Qe= (A.S) 10^-19× 1/602 6/023*10^23 Qe= (A.S) 96500 Ni=1.09 gr/A.h Cd=2.1 gr/A.h

24. 26 giugno 200824 Primary Charging

25. 26 giugno 200825 V

26. 26 giugno 200826 The cell voltage variation in a) first charging stage, b) second charging stage, c) third charging stage, d) fourth charging stage. The cell voltage variation in a) first charging stage, b) second charging stage, c) third charging stage, d) fourth charging stage.

27. 26 giugno 200827 Self discharge after primary charging

28. 26 giugno 200828

29. 26 giugno 200829 Enhancement of surface features of positive electrode  3-5 wt% cobalt III oxide hydroxide (Coating)‏

30. 26 giugno 200830 Enhancement of surface features of positive electrode

31. 26 giugno 200831 Conclusion Conclusion  Modeling of textile battery: Parameters: Mixed structure ……………Experimental method  50-60 Parameters for Ni-Cd battery

32. 26 giugno 200832  Other Parameters:  Flexibility  Novel coatings  Drape  Bending  Washing  Pressure  Body reaction  Moisture & Heat  Conclusion Conclusion

33. 26 giugno 200833  Cyclic durability  More Charging  Power  Extended in Surface as a Textile  Conclusion Conclusion

34. 26 giugno 200834 Sport: Diagram of movements Medical Care Identification Systems in car Smart apparels for comfort Power source in non-woven Smart drapes Lights in carpets Lights in furniture Applications Applications

35. 26 giugno 200835  Low speed charging: Cheap method  Long time  No control in charging and temperature  Dendrites  Extra charge  High speed charging  Short time  Good control during charging  Extra charging is less than previous method  More durability of battery (Three times more than previous charging method)‏ Conclusion

36. 26 giugno 200836 We are in the beginning