1. How does the federal government spend money for purposes that are not authorized by the Constitution?How does the federal government spend money for purposes that are not authorized by the Constitution? Identify the four reasons that federal money seems so attractive to state officials.Identify the four reasons that federal money seems so attractive to state officials. 60-6260-62

2. What is the difference between revenue sharing and categorical grants? Pages 63 through top of 65

3. What is the difference between a conditions of aid and mandate? Page 66

4. According to Alexis de Tocqueville, why did a democratic republic take root in the United States but not in other countries that copied the US Constitution? Page 76

5. List the contributions to U.S. political culture made by the Revolution, by the nation’s religious heritages, and by the family. Page 84 (The Sources of Political Culture) to page 86 (The Culture War)

6. What is class consciousness? What is the difference between being orthodox or progressive? What are the two major changes in American society? Pages 86(culture war) to page 87 (Mistrust of Government)

7. Explain what is meant by “equality of opportunity” but not “equality of results.”Explain what is meant by “equality of opportunity” but not “equality of results.” Page 79 (Economic System)Page 79 (Economic System)

8. List the three questions that are raised about our political culture. When listing the second question discuss what Gunnar Mydral says bout this question. Start Page 77 (The Political System) and stop at page 79 (The economic system)

9. When it comes to policy attitudes about the Economic System, how do Donald Kinder and David Sears differ from Paul M. Sniderman and Michael Gray Hagen? What is the Individualist View? Read the Economic System Pages 80-81

10. What role did the Framers o f the Constitution think public opinion should play in American democracy? Pages 155-156

11. What is opinion saliency? What is opinion stability? What is opinion- policy congruence? Page 157

12. What is political ideology? What are the two ways political scientists measure the extent to which people have a political ideology? Page 167

13. What are the political ideologies of Latin Americans (Cubans, Mexicans, Puerto Ricans) What are the political ideologies of Asia Americans (Japanese, Koreans)? Pages 164-167

14. What was the meaning of a liberal and a conservative before Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal? Beginning around the Time of Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal how did the meaning of liberal and conservative change? Read 167-171 stop at political elites

15. Explain how information and peers are two reasons how citizens display ideological consistency on the conventional liberal- conservative spectrum (pages171-172)

16. Identify and explain three examples of how increasing federal control over registration and election rules has led to the enfranchisement of more groups of voters. Pages 181-183

17. Identify and explain the two broad categories (Real Decline & Apparent Decline) of explanations for why U.S. election turnout in the 20 th Century has been very low. Provide the view of the text on this question as well Pages 184-187

18. Explain the difference between VAP and VEP measures and summarize what we know about voter turnout when we view it from these two perspectives. Pages 186-187

19. Discuss the causes of political participation. What factors are correlated with political participation? Education, Race And Ethnicity, Religion, Age, Class 188-191

20. Explain how US political parties differ from those of other western nations. Discuss some of the major causes of these differences. Pages 198-200