1. CELEBRATIONS&FESTIVALS

2. W HAT HOLıDAYS AND SPECıAL EVENTS DO YOU CELEBRATE ıN TURKEY ? National Holidays Republic Day (October 29) National Sovereignty and Children's Day(April 23) Victory Day (August 30) Commemoration of Atatürk, Youth and Sports Day (May 19) International Workers’ Day (May 1) Religious Holidays Feast of Breaking the Fast/Ramadan Bairam/Eid al-Fitr Feast of the Sacrifice/Festival of Sacrifice/Eid al-Adha Others Hıdırellez (May 5-6) New Year (December 31-January 1) Newroz (March 21)

3. V OCABULARY FOR NATıONAL HOLıDAYS Preparations for National Holidays Students recite poems and put on plays based on the theme of the day. Many schools and organizations rehearse for the parades months/weeks before the ceremony. Some students wear traditional costumes and do folkdance. Students decorate their schools.

4. We hang our flags on the windows or down on the balconies. On the actual day Politicians/students/soldiers lay a wreath at the foot of a war memorial/ of statues of Atatürk. There is a one-minute silence as a sign of respect for the people who died in the war. The audience sings the national anthem at the beginning of the ceremony. War veterans join the parades and they display their medals proudly.

5. The crowd lines the streets to watch the soldiers/children/students. TV channels broadcast the ceremonies live. Students/teachers/headmasters make speeches. Soldiers/children/students march down the streets. Students perform their dances/shows in big stadiums.

6. P REPARATIONS FOR R ELIGIOUS H OLIDAYS Families prepare mouth- watering food. People clean their houses. People, especially children, buy new outfits/clothes. There is a Morning Prayer service on the first day of Bayram.

7. Some people sacrifice a ram/a cow in Festival of Sacrifice and help poor people. We take boxes of dessert to our relatives or friends. We visit our elderly relatives. Old people give pocket money to children. People come together, they eat and have fun.

8. P REPARATIONS FOR N EW Y EAR ’ S E VE There are many firework displays/shows outside. People hang decorations and banners and prepare food. They send out party invitations and buy new outfits for the party. They count down before the clock strikes twelve. When the clock strikes twelve, they celebrate the New Year.

9. FAMOUS FESTıVALS ıN THE WORLD La Tomatina (Last Wednesday of August) It takes place in the town of Buñol near Valencia in Spain. It’s the World's Biggest Food Fight. The local people celebrate their patron saint, San Luis Bertràn* and the Virgin Mary. * Patron Saint: A Christian saint who is believed to give special help to a place or a person.

10. During the week of the festival, there are paella-cooking contests, parades, music, dancing and fireworks. Local people and tourists gather in the town during the morning.

11. Shopkeepers cover the fronts of their shops. Lorries carry 125,000 kilograms of ripe tomatoes into the town. At 11am, a siren starts the fight. Then for nearly two hours, everyone throws squashed tomatoes at each other.

12. Then, the local people clean all the streets and roads. Another siren calls for the fight to stop.

13. Speaking Activity 1 Use the words below and tell what happens during La Tomatina Festival. last Wednesday of August take place paella-cooking contests Buñol near Valencia biggest food fight parades gather siren shopkeepers parades throw ripe tomatoes lorries clean

14. U SıNG S EQUENCE WORDS : FıRST, NEXT, THEN, AFTER THAT, FıNALLY We use some sequencing words while describing an event or an instruction. La Tomatina Festival First, people buy tickets for the festival. Next, local people and tourists gather in the town. Then, lorries bring 125,000 kilograms of ripe tomatoes into the town. After that, a siren starts the fight. For nearly two hours, everyone throws squashed tomatoes at each other. Finally, another siren calls for the fight to stop.

15. A PROCESS: H OW A FLOWER GROWS First, seeds fall to the ground and their roots grow into the soil. Next, a plant grows. It needs water and light. Then, a flower grows. After that, bees come to the flower and the flower makes new seeds. The seeds fall to the ground again and the wind takes the seeds to new soil. Finally, new plants, flowers and seeds grow again.

16. W ATER C YCLE First of all, the sun heats the sea. Then, the water in the sea evaporates and it goes into the air. Next/Then/After that, the water vapour forms clouds. Then, the clouds cross the land and they move above the mountains. In the cold air, the water vapour changes into rain. Next/Then/After that, the rain falls to the ground and it goes into rivers. Finally, the rivers carry the water to the sea and the cycle begins again.

17. First Then Next After that Finally get dressed go to school read the newspaper eat breakfast brush my teeth have a shower leave the house wait in the bus/metro/metrobus station arrive at school Exercise 1: Use the sequence words to talk about how you start the day. You can use any of the given verbs below.

18. Exercise 2: Here is a paragraph about sending party invitations. The sentences are in the wrong order. Put the sentences into correct order to make a paragraph. ______a. Next, enter all the e-mail addresses of the people you want to invite. ______b. Then, choose an invitation sample. ______c. One of the easiest ways to send out party invitations is to use a website called Evite. ______d. Finally, check over the invitation and click send. ______e. First, go to www.evite.com and click on ‘create an invitation’.www.evite.com ______f. You won’t believe how easy it is! ______g. After that, type the details of your party such as the date, address, and time.

19. Answer …1…c. One of the easiest ways to send out party invitations is to use a website called Evite. …2….e. First, go to www.evite.com and click on ‘create an invitation.www.evite.com …3….b. Then, choose an invitation sample. …4….g. After that, type the details of your party such as the date, address, and time. …5….a. Next, enter all the e-mail addresses of the people you want to invite. …6….d. Finally, check over the invitation and click send. …7….f. You won’t believe how easy it is!

20. U SE OF TıME WORDS ‘ AFTER - BEFORE - DURıNG - AS SOON AS, WHEN ’ ıN PRESENT SıMPLE A. Read the paragraph first. My roommate and I organize a movie night every Saturday. Before the movie night, I and my roommate choose a movie. Next, we send sms or e-mail to our close friends and inform them about the movie night. On Saturday afternoon, we prepare the food and drinks and make popcorn. Our friends arrive at around 7.00 p.m. Everyone takes their plates, sits down and gets ready for the film. As soon as the movie starts, everyone concentrates on the movie. During the movie, we do not talk or make noise. When someone wants to go to toilet, we stop the movie and wait for him/her. When the movie finishes, we talk about what we like or hate about the movie. After the talk, we tidy up the mess and everyone goes home. We really love organising movie nights and have fun during the night.

21. B. Check the sentences from the paragraph. Before the movie night, I and my roommate choose a movie. As soon as the movie starts, everyone concentrates on the movie. During the movie, we do not talk or make noise. When someone wants to go to toilet, we stop the movie and wait for him/her. When the movie finishes, we talk about what we like or hate about the movie. After the talk, we tidy up the mess and everyone goes home.

22. C. Check the sentences from the paragraph and the other example sentences. Before the movie night, I and my roommate choose a movie. adjective+noun I and my roommate choose a movie before the movie night. Also possible: Before we have the movie night, I and my roommate choose a movie. sentence I and my roommate choose a movie before we have the movie night. Example sentences: Before the party, we send invitations to the guests. noun Before we have the party, we send invitations to the guests. sentence (Also possible: Before having the party, we send invitations to the guests.)

23. After the talk, we tidy up the mess and everyone goes home. noun We tidy up the mess and everyone goes home a fter the talk. Also possible: After we talk about the movie, we tidy up the mess and everyone goes home. sentence We tidy up the mess and everyone goes home after we talk about the movie. Example: After the lesson, I go to the cafeteria and have coffee with my friends. noun After the lesson finishes, I go to the cafeteria and have coffee with my friends. sentence (Also possible: After attending the lessons, I go to the cafeteria and have coffee with my friends.)

24. When someone wants to go to toilet, we stop the sentence movie and wait for him/her. When the movie finishes, we talk about what we sentence like or hate about the movie. Also possible: We talk about what we like or hate about the movie when the movie finishes.

25. As soon as the movie starts, everyone sentence concentrates on the movie. Also possible: Everyone concentrates on the movie as soon as the movie starts. Example : As soon as the movie ends, we start to talk about the movie. As soon as I arrive home, I wear my pyjamas.

26. During the movie, we do not talk or make noise. noun Also possible: We do not talk or make noise during the movie. Example : We eat, dance and have fun during the party. We sit around a camp fire during the night and sind songs.

27. E XERCISES : 1. Paul and Sheila always walk their dog _________ they go to bed. a. after b. before c. when 2. I always brush my teeth __________meals. a. after b. before c. during 3. _____________ the birthday boy blows out the candles on the cake, everybody gives applause. a. as soon as b. during c. before 4. You can hear the ‘Happy Birthday’ song _____________a birthday party. a. when b. during c. before before after As soon as during

28. 5. Which options are correct for the sentence below? ________________________ the clock strikes twelve, firework shows start and people celebrate the New Year. a. after b. during c. as soon as d. when ---The end of presentation----- Prepared by Writing Coordination After/as soon as/when