1. From Trade in Goods to Trade in Tasks Regional Networks in Global Supply Chains Project progress report WTO/IDE-JETRO

2. Trade determinants Tariffs Trade-related infrastructure Trade patterns FDI Trade in intermediate goods Processing trade New metrics of vertical trade & TVA Vertical specialization and domestic content of exports (TVA)

3. MFN Applied Tariffs Source: World Tariff Profiles, 2010

4. Tariff Escalation in selected Asian economies (percentage) Source: World Tariff Profiles, 2010

5. Source: UNCTAD, 2010

6. Data Source: World Bank – Doing Business.

7. Regional share of FDI Inward and Outward Flows in total World – 1985, 1995 & 2008, (percentage). Inward Outward Data Source: UNCTAD, 2010.

8. Changes in business practices/strategies led to the development of international outsourcing of input goods or services Offshoring Outsourcing affiliate non-affiliate at home domestic production within the firm domestic outsourcing abroad FDI intra-firm trade international outsourcing arms' length trade

9. The rise of processing trade - Some key figures The importance of goods for inward processing in developing economies total exports and imports (minimum approximation), 2000 ‑ 2008 (Billion, US dollars) Source: IMF Balance of Payment statistics partially completed with WTO estimates for missing data.

10. Trends in world trade of total merchandise, intermediate goods and other commercial services, Index 1988 =100 Source: WTO and UN Comtrade database

11. Intermediate goods in trade flows reflect the role of a country in the GSC Source: WTO and UN Comtrade database

12. Measuring value added and vertical specialization – an illustrative example Source: WTO

13. Statistical issue: Data relevance, i.e. the degree to which data meets reality Traditional measures (custom value, country of origin) could mislead: What You See is No More What You Get Economic policy issue: international trade policies hinge on the quality of the data used You can’t manage what you can’t measure: quality of decisions is based on data Systemic issue: Symbiotic relationship between statistics, research and policy: Research and policy are limited by the availability of relevant and accurate statistics. Policy and academic theory create a need for statistics, determine its relevance and in turn, contribute to its quality Political issue: economic and social effects of globalization GVCs have fuelled controversies without adequate data for the debate on Labour issues (industrial VA can track labour content and sectoral origin) Environment issues (direct –transportation- or indirect as IO technical coefficients relate to production functions) Why looking for new metrics of international trade? Need to fill the information gap between reality and available data

14. Using IIOs to estimate the import and domestic content of exports International I-O (II-O)tables show the production and trade linkages by country and sector, origin and destination and how each country/sector's output is used, either as input into other sectors production or as final demand II-O tables allow to estimate the value of the imported inputs used directly and indirectly in the production of exported goods, and Cover both goods and services Tool for:  Identifying the sectoral source of the national value added imbedded in exports allowing further research on labour content, CO2 content, …

15. Source: WTO and IDE-JETRO

16. World Input-Output Table - Period: 1995-2006 - 40 countries included (EU-15, NAFTA, BRI: Brazil, Russia, India CHN: China, OTHER: Turkey, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Indonesia, Australia - 59 products (corresponding to CPA) - 35 industries (corresponding to NACE Rev. 1) Business functions/International Outsourcing - A new European Survey on Business Functions Trade by Enterprise Characteristics - Linkages of business and trade registers to develop firm-level data on import content of exports