1. ORGANIZING LIFE’S DIVERSITY
Chapter 17 Classification

2. Classification is…
A way of grouping objects together based on similarities
In the beginning---plants were grouped based on people who ate them—
Edible
Non-edible
The history of the Tomato-1820 Colonel Robert Gibbon Johnson announced that at noon on September 26, he would eat a basket of tomatoes in front of the Salem NY courthouse—aka “love apple”

3. Scientists Who Developed Classification

4. Aristotle: Greek Philosopher
Developed 1st method of classification
Classified into 2 major groups
Plants: herbs, shrubs or trees
Animals: According to where they lived: land, water or air

5. Carolus Linnaeus Plants: based on reproductive structures
Animals: based on evolutionary traits
Methods still used today
Selected physical characteristics based on close relationships of organisms

6. Carolus Linnaeus Invented the 2-word naming system to identify species
called BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE:
Bi (2) Nomial (name)
Scientific Name:
Genus: 1st word: consist of closely related species
Species: 2nd word: consist of description of the species.

7. RULES OF BINOMAL NOMEMCLATURE
Genus is ALWAYS capitalized & is 1st
Species is ALWAYS lowercase & is 2nd
BOTH ARE ITALICIZED OR UNDERLINED!!!
Homo sapiens
Felix tigerus
F. leo
F. domestica

8. Scientific & Common Names
Many organisms have common names that can be misleading.
Example: a sea horse is a fish, not a horse.
Also, it is confusing when a species has more than one common name.

9. Common Names
All newly discovered species are given Latin names because it is no longer used
Do not tell you how organisms are related or classified
Can be misleading
Confusion can occur when organisms have more than one name

10. Taxonomy is…
Taxonomy (tak SAH nuh mee) is the branch of biology that groups and names organisms based on studies of their different characteristics
Biologists who study taxonomy are called taxonomists

11. Taxonomists
Is a useful tool – if a child has eaten a mushroom & You do not know whether it is poisonous…
Important to the economy- often discover new sources of lumber, medicines & energy…

12. Dichotomous Key
Organisms can be identified easily by using a dichotomous key
Animals around the world use the same identification system
A key is made up of sets of numbered statements. Each set deals with a single characteristic of an organism, such as leaf shape or arrangement

13. Using a dichotomous key to identify money!

14. How are living things Classified?
Felix tigerus

15. Order of Taxa A group of organisms is called a taxon (plural, taxa
The smallest taxon is species. Organisms that look alike and successfully interbreed belong to the same species.
The next largest taxon is a genus—a group of similar species that have similar features and are closely related
Mountain
lion

16. Section 17.1 Summary – pages 443-449
Taxonomic rankings
Compare the appearance of a lynx, Lynx rufus, a bobcat, Lynx canadensis, and a mountain lion, Panthera concolor.
Lynx
Mountain
lion
Bobcat
Section 17.1 Summary – pages

17. Order of Taxa Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, & Species
Can you remember it this way?
King Phillip Came Over For Graduation Saturday.

18. Section 17.1 Summary – pages 443-449
Domain
Eukarya
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Class
Mammalia
Order
Carnivora
Family
Felidae
Genus
Lynx
Species
Lynx
rufus
Lynx
canadensis
Bobcat
Lynx
Section 17.1 Summary – pages

19. Introduction to Classification

20. 6 kingdoms of life

21. 6 Kingdoms of Life

22. Monerans Most of these environments are oxygen-free.
The Monerans, are cells that lack a nucleus, are microscopic and unicellular
some are chemosynthetic, where others are photosynthetic.
Most of these environments are oxygen-free.

23. 2 groups of Monerans
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria

24. Protists
Some are plantlike
some are animal-like
Some are fungus-like

25. Fungi
Unicellular or multi-cellular eukaryote that absorbs nutrients from organic materials in the environment

26. Plants contain chloroplasts and have cell walls
There are more than 250,000 known species of plants

27. Animals Animals are multicellular heterotrophs
Nearly all are able to move from place to place.
Animal cells do not have cell walls