1. Native Americans

2. Early Native Americans
Many Thousand of years ago there was a land bridge between Asia and North America.
Present Day Russia and Alaska
During the Ice Age, people were able to walk back and forth

3. Bering Strait

4. First People of the Americas
First Peoples of America were Nomads.
Nomads do not have a permanent place to live.
Moved with their food
About 7,000 years ago they learned how to farm.
Set up a community and population began to grow.
The Native Americans settled in arctic ice fields, mountains, and deserts.

5. Early Americans With Farming No longer chasing food.
Able to specialize in a certain type of job.
Weaving, Pottery, and building.

6. Early Native Americans
Maya
Central America
Present Day Guatemala
Farmers
Rotated crops not to wear out the soil.
Writers(advanced form)
Books
Records
Calendar

7. Maya Alphabet

8. Early Native Americans
Aztec
South America
Present Day Mexico
Selected this land because of a legend
Aztec say an eagle standing on a cactus with a snake on its beak.
Sign from their god Huitzilopochti
Named their new land Tenochtitlan
Land of the prickly pear Cactus.

9. Aztec Used Natural Resources Reed Boats for fishing and traveling.
Built causeways.
A raised road or path to be able to travel over a body of water.
Built Chinampas *floating gardens*
Mud piles that were rich with nutrients.
Great for farming.

10. Growing up Aztec Name was given to the day you were born.
Most children went to school.
House of Tears
School for Aztec Leaders.
Girls and Boys learned:
Aztec History
Religion
To be Respectful and Honest.

11. Growing up Aztec Boys Age 10 trained to be soldiers
Shaved their heads but a lock of hair
Couldn’t be cut until they captured a prisoner in battle
Goal was to become a knight.
Wore suits made of feather or animal skins
To terrify the enemy.
They fought not to kill but to capture prisoners

12. Growing Up Aztec Advice from an Aztec Book:
Do not sleep too much, or you will become a sleeper a dreamer.
Speak very slowly. Do not speak fast, do not pant or squeak or you will be called a groaner, a growler, a squeaker.
When you are called, do not be called twice or you will be thought lazy or rebellious.

13. Life of the Aztecs Prisoners of War Became slaves
Sacrificed to Aztec gods.
god Heuitzilopochtili
Brought out the sun to chase away the moon and stars.
god needed energy.
Received this energy from human blood.
To make sure the sun came up every day thousands of slaves and prisoners were sacrificed.

14. Early Native Americans
Mound Builders and Anasazis
Southwest and Southeast Regions of the USA
Started farming and building villages around 3000 BC.
Mound Builders
Lived near where the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers Meet.
Lived with plentiful rainfall plant and animal life.

15. Build Mounds for everything Burial Buried possessions with their dead.
Moundbuilders
Build Mounds for everything
Burial
Buried possessions with their dead.
Religious purposes.

16. Anasazi Desert Dwellers Dry Climate preserved their artifacts.
Moist climates, artifacts rot or decay.
Found mostly in the “4 corners”
Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah.

17. Anasazi Lived in the “4 corners” 2000 years ago. Built Houses Farming
Beneath rock cliffs
Sides of Canyons
Mesas ( tall flat hills)
Farming
Irrigation
Brought water to dry areas.

18. Anasazi Left their land around 900 AD Drought
Even irrigation couldn’t bring water
Enemies
Joined other tribes.

19. The first peoples were Nomads. What are Nomads?
People who lived in villages.
People that were human.
People who moved with their food.

20. The Bering Straight is how the first peoples crossed into the Americas.
True
False

21. What was an outcome of people learning how to farm?
Over population of animals.
Population grew.
People became obese.
Soil lost all of its nutrients.

22. Maya Indians…. Were advanced writers. Were excellent farmers.
Both A and B
Neither A and B

23. Aztec Children went to school.
True
False

24. Aztec Indians believed that
Their god needed energy to bring up the sun each day.
They must kill in battle to please their god.
That girls had no need for school.
That they should keep their prisoners in good conditions so that the enemy tribe will do the same for theirs.

25. Anasazi artifacts were kept in good condition because the climate was Arid.
True
False

26. Native Americans of the West

27. Tlingit(organizer) Region: Northwest
Lived mostly in Alaska, northernmost part of the Northwest
Climate:
coast, mild winters, cool summers, wet climate
Northwest coast- wet climate, helped a rich variety of plants to grow

28. Tlingit rectangular cedar-plank houses with bark roofs.
large (up to 100 feet long) and each one housed several families from the same clan (as many as 50 people.)
Long House

29. Totem Poles special events. Tall Logs carved with many designs.
Honor families or chiefs

30. Native Americans of the West
Food
Farming was difficult.
Natural Resources
gathered roots and berries from the forests that lines the shore, used fish & sea animals for food.

31. Tlingit Tribe Natural Resources:
Everyone in the tribe participated in the Salmon Run
The salmon run is the time at which salmon swim back up the rivers in which they were born to mate.

32. Tlingit (Foldable) Salmon-
Important source of food Salmon Run- a family could catch 1,000 pounds of fish
Fish could be dried or smoked, so that it could be saved through out the year.

33. Tlingit Other Natural Resources:
Wood, plants, & animals from the forests to make food,shelter, clothing, blankets, & boats.

34. Tlingit Tribe Technology Due to Water Ways
Plenty of time do to technology there was a plentiful supply of Natural Resources.
Technology is the design and use of tools, ideas, and methods to solve problems.
Large Homes, Totem poles
Due to Water Ways
Tribes were able to trade with other Tribes
Made them very wealthy.

35. Arts and Crafts
Beadwork Bag
Beaded Band

36. Tlingit Tribe Potlatch-
special feasts at which the guests, not the hosts, receive gifts, family could take years to prepare for a potlatch
This occasion could be to honor a new chief or celebrate a wedding.

37. Tlingit Tribe Potlatch: Host Distributes HUNDREDS of gifts.
Host gets the Respect.
Each host tries to out do the other hosts.

38. Conflict with the Govt.
U.S. govt. forced Northwest Coast people to move far from the ocean
1971- a law that gave back to the Native American in Alaska over 44 million acres of their original homelands

39. The Tlingits were apart of the Southwest region.
True
False

40. How did the Salmon run affect the Tlingits?
Provided over 1,000 lbs of food.
Everyone had to participate.
They were able to save the Salmon through out the year.
Only A and B.
All of the Above.
None of the above.

41. What type of Dwelling did the Tlingits live in?
Teepee
Wigwam
Longhouse

42. Why did they have plenty of time for Technology?
Plentiful Resources.
Many members of the tribe.
Many slaves.

43. With their extra time, they were able to focus their extra time on Technology. One form of technology was the Totem pole.
True
False

44. On your own sheet of paper to be turned in……
Summarize the importance of the potlach on the Tlingit tribe.
Summarize: A brief explanation of what has been taught, or what you have learned.

45. Native Americans of the Southwest

46. Native Americans of the Southwest Tribe-Hopi
Hopiti
Gentle people
Typically farmers

47. Hopi Region: Southwest Desert Environment-
land mostly made of tall mountains, deep canyons, steep mesas
Mesas
is an elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs.

48. Hopi Climate: Very dry, hardly any rain
Very hot (day) Freezing (night)
Blizzards and Flooding

49. Very sacred to the Hopi everyone had a job.
Food-
Dry Farming
way of growing crops in places where there is little water
built dams & irrigation canals.
Hardy crops:
corn with long roots, squash, beans, cotton.
Very sacred to the Hopi everyone had a job.

50. Hopi Not many Had to improvise with invention Adobe Bricks
Natural Resources
Not many
Had to improvise with invention
Adobe Bricks
Made from mud and straw

51. Hopi Life Shelter To keep out intruders Pueblos-(villages)
adobe(clay) apartment style homes- protection from heat and extreme cold
To keep out intruders
1st floor of the pueblos was built with out doors or windows
used ladders

52. Kachinas Kachina ceremonies
Kachinas are spirits that visit villages for half of every year.
Believe they bring rain to help crops grow.
Show people how to live, behave, bring peace & prosperity

53. Kachinas
Ceremonies held through out the 6 months the Kachina was in the village.
Each Dancer represented a differed Kachina
Other dancers are Tcutckutu
They cause Mischief
Takes years to train to become a dancer.

54. Kachinas
Example of a Sun Kachina
Example of an Eagle Kachina

55. Kachina and Tcutckutu

56. The Hopi were like the Anasazi in which of the following ways?
They believed their god moved the sun.
They did Dry farming with dams and irrigation.
Both 1 and 2.
Neither 1 or 2.

57. Crops were sacred to the Hopi
True
False

58. Many Native American Tribes are able to survive because of their Natural Resources. Did the Hopi have a lot of natural resources to use?
Yes.
No.

59. On your own sheet of paper:
Explain the challenges that the Hopi Indians would face from living on a mesa.

60. Native Americans of the Plains

61. Lakota Sioux Region: Villages Prairie Black Hills
Great Plains
Middle West
Prairie
Flat or gentle rolling land covered with grass and wildflowers.
Black Hills
Villages
located near rivers, plenty of water for farming

62. Lakota Sioux Climate: Summers Extremely Hot Winters Extremely Cold
Lack of Rain
made farming difficult
Only farmed near rivers.

63. Native Americans of the Plains
Village Living
Lodges
homes made of logs covered w/ grasses, sticks, & soil.
From Buffalo caught
Made Beef Jerky

64. Native Americans of the Plains
Food
Men left their villages to hunt buffalo in the summer
Lived in Teepees.

65. Lakota Sioux Teepees Travois cone-shaped tents made of animals.
easily folded up & moved to follow the buffalo.
Travois
sled-like device for carrying people & belongings

66. Lakota Sioux
Modern Made Teepee
Authentic Teepee.

67. Natural Resources Utilized the Buffalo with everything that they did.
Teepee
Food
Clothing

68. Horses
1500s, Spanish arrived, in NA w/ horses that changed the Plains’ lives
Sioux tamed wild horses that escaped from the Spanish.
Buffalo took place of farming and many stopped living in Villages.
Started to live and follow the buffalo.

69. Lakota Sioux
Sioux Indian Nation
20,000 people
7 Tribes

70. Lakota Sioux Battles were fought to prove courage. Weapons
Coup Stick-
French for “strike” or “hit”
used in a battle
Did not strike to kill.
Bow and Arrows
Rifles
After the Spanish.

71. Life of a Sioux Child Boys Girls Hunted with their fathers. School
Chores
Lacross
Girls
School
Chores
Dolls
Helped mothers build houses

72. Lakota Sioux 12 Day Summer Ritual Self-sacrifice.
Sun Dance
12 Day Summer Ritual
Self-sacrifice.
Bonding of the Men of the tribe.
Dancing and inflicting wounds.
Lakota Sioux

73. The Sioux lived in the Middle West
The Sioux lived in the Middle West. This part of the country has prairies.
True
False

74. Although the hot summers and cold winters made farming difficult, what was another factor?
Lack of rain.
Lack of Natural Water Resources.
They were in the desert.
Didn’t have to farm so there was no problem.

75. What was used during battle that would not kill the enemy?
Bow and Arrow
Rifle
Coupe Stick
Teepee

76. What sport is popular today that was also popular with the Sioux?
Basketball
Lacrosse
Track
Soccer

77. On your own sheet of paper….
Please explain why it was a good idea for the Sioux to live in Teepees and not in their villages.
Paragraph form
At least 4 complete sentences.

78. Native American of the Eastern Woodlands

79. Native American of the Eastern Woodlands
Two Main Tribes:
Algonquian
Iroquois
Both Very similar to each other since they are from the same region.

80. Eastern Woodlands Region: Eastern Woodlands.
Present Day North East Region.
Iroquois Mostly New York State.
Near the top of the Appalachian Mountains.
Near the Great Lakes

81. Climate: Iroquois Wet Cold Winters Cool Summers 4 distinct seasons
Humid
Wet
Cold Winters
Cool Summers
4 distinct seasons

82. Iroquois Shelter: Longhouses Iroquois where called
Hoddenosaunee-”people of the longhouse”
Longhouses
long buildings made of poles covered w/ sheets of bark.
Can be 200ft. long, provided a home for several families
Common Cooking area
Separate living areas

83. Long House

84. Iroquois Clothing
a long rectangular piece of tanned deerskin, cloth, or animal fur.
It is worn between the legs and tucked over a belt, so that the flaps fall down in front and behind.
Sometimes it is also called a breechclout, loincloth, skin clout, or just a flap.

85. Eastern Woodlands Food(Natural Resources) Ideal Climate for Farming
16 types of Corn
60 types of Beans
Women were in charge of Farming.
Forest:
Animals, Syrup, nuts, roots, vegetables, oils, fruits, berries, teas, and herbs for medicine.
Oceans provided plenty of Sea Food
Seals, Fish, Shrimp, Scallops.

86. Iroquois Iroquois Confederacy Same Political Beliefs.
6 Nations
Hodenosaunee Trail-
a trail that ran the main villages of all 5 Iroquois peoples.
6th was further south in North Carolina.
Same Political Beliefs.
Each nation had a Chief that made local decisions.

87. Iroquois Confederacy
A union of the 5 peoples of the Iroquois: Onondaga, Mohawk,Oneida, Seneca, Cayuga
Great Laws-rules to follow, living in peace
Compromise-settling of a dispute by agreeing that each side give up something

88. Iroquois Technology: Wampum (Not a Natural Resource)
consisted of small, polished beads
Usually made from shells & then strung or woven together.
Woven into a necklace or a belt.
Given as a gift on special occasions

89. Wampum
Often made to help remember an important event.

90. Clan Mother of Iroquois
Group of families who share the same ancestors
Clan mother
Men were the head of each clan,
Women held a great deal of power in the Iroquois world.
Clan mothers and other clan women chose the male leaders but if unhappy replaced him.

91. Conflicts among the Iroquois
Around 1300 numbers increased, arguments arose and fighting broke out, conflicts were over hunting grounds.
According to Iroquois Legend
Deganawida and Hiawatha saw this was going to happen.

92. Study Guide
*Cultural regions are seven areas where Native Americans developed different ways of living.
*Origin stories are tales that explain how Earth and its people came to be.

93. Which type of house was popular with the Iroquois?
Teepee
Wikiup
Wigwam
Longhouse

94. The Easternwoodlands Native Americans had plenty of Natural Resources.
True
False

95. What is a Breechcloth? An article of clothing that the men would wear.
Cloth a baby would be wrapped up in.
An article of clothing that women would wear.

96. Who were in Charge of the tribes?
Men
Women
Children
Noone

97. On your own sheet of paper
Answer:
Explain how the tribes used Origin stories to aid in their survival.
Paragraph form
At least 6 complete sentences.