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3. $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 ConstitutionalAmendments CourtCasesImportantPeople MajorEvents Random Key Terms

4. C1-$100 - $100 Federalism A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units.

5. C1-$200 Separation of Powers - $200 The doctrine that the individual branches of government (executive, legislative, judicial) have separate and unique powers the others cannot interfere upon each other.

6. C1-$300 - $300 Impeachment A formal process in which an official is accused of unlawful activity, the outcome of which, depending on the country, may include the removal of that official from office as well as criminal or civil punishment.

7. C1-$400 - $400 Elastic Clause States that Congress can exercise those powers that are "necessary and proper" for carrying out the enumerated powers, e.g., establishment of the first Bank of the United States

8. C1-$500 - $500 Reapportionment Reallocation of House seats to the states on the basis of changes in state populations, as determined by the census

9. C2-$100 - $100 Amendment I Freedom of Religion, Speech and the Press; Rights of Assembly and Petition.

10. C2-$200 - $200 Amendment VIII Bails, fines and punishments must be humane and fit the crime committed.

11. C2-$300 - $300 Amendment X States or people have all powers not given to national government. (ie: marriage)

12. C2-$400 - $400 Amendment XIII Abolition of Slavery

13. C2-$500 - $500 Amendment XXV If president is removed, dies, or resigns, the vice president becomes president. The president fulfills a vice president vacancy, by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress.

14. C3-$100 - $100 Brown vs. Board of Education (1954) Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and whites students unconstitutional.

15. C3-$200 - $200 Marbury vs. Madison (1803) Court case in which the Court formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States under Article III of the Constitution.

16. C3-$300 - $300 McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819) U.S. Constitution is "the supreme law of the land." This case began the process of expanding the power of the federal government through the necessary and proper clause.

17. C3-$400 - $400 Wesberry vs. Sanders This court case found that apportionment in Georgia districts grossly discriminated against voters since district population varied greatly in turn diluting their votes.

18. C3-$500 Buckley vs. Valeo This case clarified what is permissible in regards to campaign contributions. One part of the decision held that restrictions on individual contributions to political campaigns and candidates did not violate the First Amendment. Another part of the decision found that restricting the Amount that candidates themselves can contribute to their own campaigns does in fact violate the First Amendment. - $500

19. C4-$100 - $100 James Madison Wrote the first drafts of the U.S. Constitution, co-wrote the Federalist Papers and sponsored the Bill of Rights.

20. C4-$200 - $200 Thomas Jefferson He was a draftsman of the U.S. Declaration of Independence; the nation's first secretary of state; second vice president (1797-1801); and, as the third president (1801-09), the statesman responsible for the Louisiana Purchase.

21. C4-$300 - $300 Alexander Hamilton A founding Father of the U.S., chief of staff to General Washington, one of the most influential interpreters and promoters of the Constitution, the founder of the nation's financial system, and the founder of the first American political party.

22. C4-$400 - $400 FDR He became the 32nd U.S. president in 1933, and was the only president to be elected four times. He led the United States through the Great Depression and World War II, and greatly expanded the powers of the federal government through a series of programs and reforms known as the New Deal.

23. C4-$500 - $500 Bill Clinton The 42 nd U.S. President, was the 2 nd President to be impeached and lead the U.S. to a period of strong economic prosperity. Signed into law the North American Free Trade Agreement.

24. C5-$100 - $100 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 The provisions of this civil rights act forbade discrimination on the basis of sex as well as race in hiring, promoting, and firing.

25. C5-$200 - $200 The Federalist Papers The Federalist Papers is a collection of 85 essays advocating ratification of the U.S. Constitution that was published serially in New York newspapers in 1787 and 1788.

26. C5-$300 - $300 Federal Reserve Act of 1913 Established the Federal Reserve System as the central banking authority of the United States.

27. C5-$400 - $400 Economic Cooperation Act (Marshall Plan) Help restore the devastated economies of postwar Europe and, in so doing, reduce the threat of Communist takeover in those vulnerable countries.

28. C5-$500 - $500 Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 Making the railroads the first industry to be regulated by the federal government.

29. C6-$100 - $100 Amendment II Right to Bear Arms

30. C6-$200 - $200 Implied powers Those that are "necessary and proper" to carry out Congress enumerated powers, and are granted to Congress through the elastic clause.

31. C6-$300 - $300 Roe vs. Wade Women have the constitutional right to terminate pregnancy (Court Case).

32. C6-$400 - $400 Theodore Roosevelt The youngest man to assume the U.S. presidency; He became commander-in-chief after President William McKinley was assassinated in 1901, and won a second term in 1904.

33. C6-$500 - $500 Who was the first U.S. President to be assassinated? Abraham Lincoln