1. Health problems and health needs assessment for tailors in Yemetu area of Ibadan, Nigeria, MOTUNRAYO A. FAGBOLA¹, VICTORIA O. OLADOYIN¹ OLUWAKEMI A. SIGBEKU¹, CHINDINMA G. OGBUAGWU¹, GBEMI M. LEIGH¹, MARY O. BALOGUN,¹ ̛ ² FOLASHADE O. OMOKHODION¹ ̛ ² 1 DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL, IBADAN, NIGERIA, 2 DEPARTMENT OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND PRIMARY CARE, COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN, IBADAN, NIGERIA

4. OUTLINE  Background  Objectives  Methodology  Results  Conclusion  Recommendations  Bibliography

5. BACKGROUND  Tailors are small scale workers in the informal sector.  They form part of the artisans group and carry out their work manually making use of sewing machines, scissors, blades needles and thread etc.  They work in poor and unhealthy environments and lack access to occupational health services.

6. BACKGROUND  Few publications have focused on the hazards of workers in small scale enterprises as well as the health problems reported by these workers.  There is little information about the health needs of tailors and consequently little baseline data to develop an occupational health programme for them.

7. OBJECTIVES  To determine the work related hazards among tailors.  To determine the work related accidents and injuries among tailors.  To determine the factors associated with the work related hazards, accidents and injuries among tailors.

8. METHODOLOGY  Study area – Ibadan North Local Government Area (LGA), Ibadan  Study design – Community-based cross sectional study  Study population Tailors in Ward 3 of Ibadan North LGA  Inclusion criteria Informed consent

9. METHODOLOGY  Sampling technique Cluster sampling technique was used.  Data collection – quantitative method  Instruments Semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire.

10. METHODOLOGY  Analysis Descriptive statistics Chi-square test set at 5% level of significance.  Ethical approval Oyo State Ministry of Health Ethical Review Committee Permission from the tailors

11. RESULTS  186 respondents were surveyed  Mean age was 27.5 ± 10.3 years

12. Socio-demographic characteristics (N=186) VariablesFrequencyPercentage (%) Sex Male Female 61 125 32.80 67.20 Marital status Single Co-habiting Married 95 1 90 51.1 0.5 48.4 Educational attainment Below secondary education Secondary education and above 35 151 18.80 81.20 Job description Apprentice Qualified tailor 90 96 48.40 51.60

13. Time spent at work daily

14. Daily duration of sitting and standing continuously at work  Mean number of hours of sitting continuously at work was 4.1 ± 2.1 hours (range = 0.5 – 14 hours)  Mean number of hours of standing continuously at work was 2.6 ± 1.7 hours (range = 0.5 – 11 hours)

15. Positioning at work

16. Work related hazards

17. Physical Hazards

18. Chemical Hazards

19. Mechanical Hazards

20. Biological Hazrds

21. Psycho-social Hazards

22. Work-related accidents and injuries

23. Work-related accidents

24. Work-related injury

25. Health and disability issues affecting tailors

26. Current health problems

27. Relationship between work related accident in the past 12 months and age, sex and level of education of respondents VariablesAccident in the past 12 months P-value Not Exposed Exposed Age ≤ 30years > 30 years 19 (14.7) 12 (21.1) 110 (85.3) 45 (78.9)0.195 Sex Male Female 9 (14.8) 22 (17.6) 52 (85.5) 103 (82.4)0.396 Educational attainment Below secondary education Secondary education and above 8 (22.9) 23 (15.2) 27 (77.1) 128 (84.8)0.198

28. Relationship between work related accident in the past 12 months and job grade and daily duration at work of respondents VariablesAccident in the past 12 monthsP-value Not ExposedExposed Job description Apprentice Qualified tailor 10 (11.1) 21 (21.9) 80 (88.9) 75 (78.1)0.037 Daily duration at work ≤ 8 hours > 8 hours 3 (30.0) 28 (15.9) 7 (70.0) 148 (84.1)0.221

29. Relationship between work related injury in the past 12 months and age, sex and level of education of respondents VariablesInjury in the past 12 months P-value Not Exposed Exposed Age ≤ 30years > 30 years 29 (22.5) 15 (26.3) 100 (77.5) 42 (73.7)0.348 Sex Male Female 19 (31.1) 25 (20.0) 42 (68.9) 100 (80.0)0.065 Educational attainment Below secondary education Secondary education and above 12 (34.3) 32 (21.2) 23 (65.7) 119 (78.8)0.080

30. Relationship between work related injury in the past 12 months and job grade and daily duration at work of respondents VariablesInjury in the past 12 monthsP-value Not ExposedExposed Job description Apprentice Qualified tailor 15 (16.7) 29 (30.2) 75 (83.3) 67 (69.8)0.022 Daily duration at work ≤ 8 hours > 8 hours 4 (40.0) 40 (22.7) 6 (60.0) 136 (77.3)0.188

31. CONCLUSION  Tailors are exposed to work place hazards, accidents and injuries.  Being an apprentice is associated with the accidents and injuries they are exposed to.

32. RECOMMENDATION  There is the need for training, apprentices in particular, on the awareness of workplace hazards and accident/injury prevention.

34. BIBLIOGRAPHY  El Batawi M. health hazards in small scale industries- the forgotten masses. World health 1974; July-August 4-8  Forastier V. improvement of working conditions in the informal sector through safety and health measures. Occupational health specialist. 1997 138-143  Edusah S.E the informal sector, micro enterprises and small scale industries, the conceptual quandary journal of economics and sustainable development 2013 4 (20) 177-186  Ubogu A.E. Laarj, G. Udemezue, C.E Bako A.R determinants of the locational decisions of informal sectoer entrepreneurs in urban zaria. Journal of Geography and Geology 2011; 3 () : 215-226.

35. Thank You