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European Civilization 750 - 1000. I.Europeans and the Environment A. Sparsely populated, heavily forested landscape 1.Villages separated by forests B.

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Presentation on theme: "European Civilization 750 - 1000. I.Europeans and the Environment A. Sparsely populated, heavily forested landscape 1.Villages separated by forests B."— Presentation transcript:

1 European Civilization 750 - 1000

2 I.Europeans and the Environment A. Sparsely populated, heavily forested landscape 1.Villages separated by forests B. Farming 1.Less than 10 percent of land cultivated 2.Low crop yields C. Climate 1.Improving weather after 700 2.Constant threat of natural disaster

3 II.The World of the Carolingians A. Charlemagne and the Carolingian Empire (768 – 814) 1.Pepin the Short (751 – 768) deposed last Merovingian a. Receives the blessings of the pope for the throne. b. Both needed each other. c. Pepin conquers the Lombards in 756 d. Papal States

4 B.Charlemagne 1. Carolus Magnus, or Charles the Great 2. Expansion of the Carolingian Empire  Army gathered each spring for campaign  Carolingians crush the Lombards in Italy (773)  Disastrous campaign in Spain (777) ► Song of Roland  Campaigns against the Saxons  Bavarians, Slavs and Avars

5 Map 8.1: The Carolingian Empire

6 3.Governing Charlemagne’s Empire a. Governing the Empire 1.Income from royal estates 2.Counts as administrators 3.Missi Dominici 4.System very inefficient 5.Help from the Church

7 3.Governing Charlemagne’s Empire b. Charlemagne as Emperor 1.Pope Leo III (795 – 816) 2.Charlemagne crowned emperor in 800

8 THECAROLINGIANINTELECTUALREVIVAL a. SCRIPTORIA b. CAROLIGNIANMINISCU LE c. CAROLIGNIANRENAISS ANCE ► ALCUINOFNORTHUMBRI A MONKSASCOPYISTS

9 4.The Carolingian Intellectual Revival a. Scriptoria b. Carolingian Miniscule c. Carolingian Renaissance  Alcuin of Northumbria Monks as Copyists

10 5.Life in the Carolingian World: 1. The Church, Marriage and Sexuality  Monogamy  Divorce prohibited  The nuclear family  Male dominance reinforced (Irene) 2. Christianity and Sexuality  Celibacy  Sexual activity permitted only within marriage  Homosexuality 3. Travel and Hospitality

11 Life in the Carolingian World: 4. Diet and Health  Bread as the basic staple  Pork, wild game, dairy, eggs, vegetables  Gluttony and drunkenness  Medical practices  Herbs and Bleeding  Magic

12 In Class Writing ► How was Charlemagne able to unite and govern his large empire?

13 III.Disintegration of the Carolingian Empire A. Louis the Pious (814 – 840)  Treaty of Verdun (843) ► Charles the Bald (843 – 877): Western Section ► Louis the German (843 – 876): Eastern Section ► Lothair (840 – 855): Middle Section

14 III.Disintegration of the Carolingian Empire ► Conflicts between the three sons of Louis the Pious ► Emergence of two different cultures

15 B.Invasions of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries 1. Muslims and Magyars  Muslims attack in Mediterranean  Magyars settled in modern day Hungary

16 2. The Vikings

17  Germanic people from Scandinavia  Warriors and shipbuilders  Russia  Ireland, England and France (Rollo and the Northmans)  Iceland, Greenland and Newfoundland  Raids end in 1000

18 Map 8.2: Invasions of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries

19 Castle at Les Baux Constructed as a Refuge from Saracen raids Eight Century – Provence, France

20 Replica of a Viking house in Denmark

21 IV.The Emerging World of Lords and Vassals A. Feudalismis both a political and a military system involving…

22 B. Vassalage and Fief-Holding 1. Lords and Vassals 2. Act of Homage 3. Grant of land in exchange for military service 4. Subinfeudation

23 5. Fiefholding 6. Knighthood 1.Page 2.Squire 3.Knight

24 7. Fragmented authority in the ninth century 8. Mutual obligations of lord and vassal a.Duties in Peacetime b.Grant in aid

25 A Knight’s Equipment Showing Saddle and Stirrups

26 C.New Political Configurations in the Tenth Century 1. The Eastern Franks  The Saxon dynasty  Otto I (936 – 973)

27 2.The Western Franks ► Louis the Sluggard dies 987 ► The Capetians  Hugh Capet (987 – 996)  Paris

28 3.Anglo-Saxon England ► Unification under Alfred the Great (871 – 899) ► Growth of monarchial government ► Alfred translated the Bible from Latin, and divided the kingdom into shires – each administered by a shire-reeve

29 D.The Manorial System 1. The Manor a.Landed estate b.Steward

30 Map 8.3: A Typical Manor

31 2.Peasants and Serfs a. 60% of European population had become serfs by ninth century b. Working the demesne (lord’s land) and paying rents c. Lord’s legal rights over the serfs d. Manorial administration

32 3.Trade in Luxury Goods a. Iron, timber, furs and slaves (slavs) b. Venice

33 In Class Writing ► What is the relationship between feudalism and manorialism?

34 VII.The World of Islam A. The Umayyad Dynasty 1.Abu al-Abbas puts an end to the Umayyads (750)

35 VII.The World of Islam B. The Abbasid Dynasty 1.New Capital in Baghdad 2.Harun al-Rashed (786 – 809) 3.Al-Ma’mun (813 – 833) C. Spain and the Continuation of the Umayyads  Abd al-Rahman (756) D. Fatimid Egypt (973)

36 E.Islamic Civilization ► Arabic ► Cities  Baghdad  Cairo  Cordova – Population of 100,000 ► Science and Philosophy

37 E.Islamic Civilization ► Paper and Books ► Mathematics and Natural Sciences ► Chemistry and Medicine  Ibn Sina (980 – 1037) ► Medical Encyclopedia

38 Discussion Questions ► How was Charlemagne able to unite and govern his large empire? ► What role did the Church play on family and everyday life in the Carolingian world? ► Why were the invasions of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries so damaging to Europe? ► What liberties did peasants give up in exchange for land and protection from their lords? ► What is the relationship between feudalism and manorialism? ► What role did Islam play in the transfer of information from the Classical age to the later medieval period?

39 Web Links ► NetSerf – The Internet Collection of Medieval Resources NetSerf – The Internet Collection of Medieval Resources NetSerf – The Internet Collection of Medieval Resources ► Internet Medieval Sourcebook – The Carolingians Internet Medieval Sourcebook – The Carolingians Internet Medieval Sourcebook – The Carolingians ► Wharram Percy: A Lost Medieval Village Wharram Percy: A Lost Medieval Village Wharram Percy: A Lost Medieval Village ► Corpus of Early Medieval Coin Finds Corpus of Early Medieval Coin Finds Corpus of Early Medieval Coin Finds ► Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga ► Byzantine Studies on the Internet Byzantine Studies on the Internet Byzantine Studies on the Internet ► Baghdad: Metropolis of the Abbasid Caliphate Baghdad: Metropolis of the Abbasid Caliphate Baghdad: Metropolis of the Abbasid Caliphate

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