1. Chemistry Review

2. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

3. What is the charge on each subatomic particle?  Proton -- +1  Neutron – 0  Electron -- -1

4. Complete this sentence: An atom is made of_____________, while a compound is made of ____________  one particle of one element  more than one atom

5. Atomic number is ______________ and mass number is ______________  The number of protons  The number of protons + neutrons

6. Isotopes differ in  The number of neutrons

7. Ions differ in  The number of electrons

8. Use your periodic table to write the symbol, atomic number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for iodine II  53  74  53

9. What are valence electrons?  Electrons in the outer shell

10. Draw a Bohr atom for nitrogen

11. What makes atoms “happy”? What group are they like when they are happy?  Having a full outer shell  Noble gases (group 18)

12. How many valence electrons in Group 15? 55

13. How many valence electrons do transition metals have?  number varies  A Roman numeral is used to show how many when writing the names of compounds with transition metals

14. What is a row of the Periodic Table called? What is a column called?  Row = period  Column = Group or family

15. What is an anion? What is a cation?  Anion = negatively charged ion  Cation = positively charged ion

16. What is the charge on a nitrogen atom? How do you figure it out?  -3  How many electrons it needs to get to a full outer shell of 8

17. Which groups form cations?  Group 1, 2, 13  All the transition metals

18. Which groups form anions?  Groups 15, 16, 17

19. Which group does not form ions at all? Why not?  Group 18, the noble gases  Because they are already happy

20. How do you know how many electrons an atom will gain or lose to form its ion?  It will gain or lose the lowest number possible to form a complete outer shell  (which is usually 8 but for a few of the smaller elements it is 2, like helium)

21. What kind of ions form an ionic compound? What keeps the ions together?  a metal and a nonmetal  They stay together because opposite charges attract

22. How do electrons move to form an ionic compound? How is that different from a covalent compound?  ionic compound: electrons are transferred  covalent compound: electrons are shared.

23. What kind of atoms form a covalent compound?  Nonmetals with nonmetals (and hydrogen counts as a nonmetal)

24. What are the properties of ionic compounds?  High melting point  Dissolve in water  Conduct electricity

25. Name this compound: BaO  Barium oxide  If the first element is Group 1, 2, or 13 (or silver, cadmium, or zinc) just name it with no Roman numeral  The second element changes its name to end in -ide

26. Is this compound ionic or covalent? How do you know? P 2 O 5  Covalent because it is two nonmetals

27. How do you name this compound? CuO  copper (II) oxide  Oxygen has a -2 charge so it has to be balanced by +2  Copper is a transition metal so its charge varies—so it gets a Roman numeral

28. How do you write the formula for Tin (IV) Fluoride?  SnF 4  Fluorine has a -1 charge.  The Roman numeral IV tells you that tin has a +4 charge in this compound  So to balance +4 there must be 4 fluorines of -1 each (4 x -1 = -4)

29. How do you name this covalent compound? C 2 P 6  Dicarbon hexaphosphide  Use a prefix chart  Prefix one = subscript one (if no subscript, no prefix)  Name element one  Prefix two = subscript two  Name second element but change ending to - ide

30. Write the formula for this compound: hexasulfur monoxide S6OS6O  Don’t write the subscript 1!

31. How many elements are in this compound? How many atoms? Ca 2 (NO 3 ) 2  3 elements: Ca, N, O  You can tell because there are 3 capital letters  2 Ca, 2N (why?), 6 O (why?) = 10 atoms

32. How do you prove a chemical reaction has taken place?  Do a chemical analysis to show that a new product has been formed

33. What is an aqueous solution? What kind of compounds form an aqueous solution?  Aqueous = dissolved in water  Ionic compounds dissolve in water to form aqueous solutions

34. What are the substances to the left of the arrow called in a chemical reaction? The substances to the right of the arrow?  Left = reactants  Right = products

35. How do you know if there is more than one reactant or product?  There will be a plus sign

36. Which two types of chemical reactions are opposites of each other?  Synthesis and decomposition

37. Which type of reaction always has CO 2 and H 2 O as products?  Combustion

38. What type of chemical reaction exchanges ions in two compounds to form two new compounds?  Double replacement

39. Which type of reaction is this? Al + H 2 SO 4  Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + H 2  Single replacement  Because an element and a compound switch ions instead of two compounds

40. What type of reaction is this? Ba(OH) 2  BaO + H 2 O  Decomposition  Only one compound left of the arrow