2. European Conquest of Africa
Chapter 2 Section 3
European Conquest of Africa

3. Europeans on the Coast Before 1500 Europe and Africa traded as equals
After 1500 it turned into the enslavement and forced migration of millions of Africans
By 1900 Africa was divided among European countries

4. African Slave Trade

5. Portuguese Exploration
Wanted to trade directly with West Africa
Wanted to trade with Asia

6. Trade with Asia
Dias and De Gama

7. Improved Navigation
Lateen sail (triangle-shaped sail) allowed ships to sail against the wind.
Astrolabe helped navigate at sea.

8. Lateen
Astrolabe

9. What was Traded? Africans Traded: Gold Cotton Ivory Skins
Metal objects
Pepper
African Animal Skins

10. What was Traded?
Europeans Traded
Copper
Brass
Clothing

11. What was Introduced from Africa?
Watermelon
Okra
Rice

12. What was Introduced from Europe?
Corn
Cassava
Yams

13. Change in Trade Relations
Portuguese found an all-water route to the far-east
Discovered the riches of the East African coast and seized these riches

14. European Trade Spreads
The Dutch, French and English set up trading posts along Africa’s coasts
The Dutch built a trading post on the Cape of Good Hope

15. Cape of Good Hope!

16. The Atlantic Slave Trade
Slave trade existed in Africa before America was colonized
African Americans were treated like property by the Europeans settling in America

17. The Trip from Africa to the Americas was called the Middle Passage

18. Indians or Africans – That is the Question!
European settlers needed laborers for their mines and plantations
Cheaper to use enslaved Indians or Africans than to pay workers

19. Advantages of Using African Workers
Disease resistant
Unfamiliar territory
They were skilled farmers, miners and metal workers

20. The Slave Trade Begins Some African nations refused to take part
By 1780 about 80,000 African slaves were being shipped to America each year!

21. The Horrors of Slavery 20% of slaves died on the Middle Passage
Many died young
Separated from family
Susceptible to disease in slave huts

22. Slave Beatings!

23. Effects of Slavery on Africa
Some Africans grew wealthy from slave trade
West Africa lost much of its population
Not enough skilled workers left
Families were torn apart
African societies broke down
African Blacksmith

24. Europeans Colonize Africa
Mid 1800’s African slave trade ended
Europeans then raided Africa’s interior for natural resources
Europeans claimed empires in Africa
The Industrial Revolution in England required natural resources

25. The Scramble for Africa
By 1900 European nations had colonized many parts of Africa
To colonize means to settle an area and take control of its government

26. European Rule

27. Effects of European Control on Africa
African people had little power in their governments
Europeans encouraged rivalries among African ethnic groups.
Europeans took the best land for farming
Europeans drew new political boundaries

28. Rivalries among African Ethnic Groups