1. The North vs. the South You already know this but….. It is important that we make sure!

2. North or South?

8. Inventions How did inventions change the North? Farm: People moved off farms to factories or to the west. Factories: Less time to make things = more production = more money Travel: Connected North and the West Telegraph: Information could spread faster

9. Railroads Connect North and West

10. Notice the change – think about the affect of this on the economy and people’s life!

12. 1. North and the West became united Why were these changes important? North and West grew together and were moving forward together (South staying the same) Increased sectionalism! The economy grew rapidly!

13. 2. Urbanization and population growth Why were these changes important? Cities were everywhere! More power for the North and Midwest Chicago had become a major city by 1860

14. 3. Immigration Why were these changes important? Factories increased the demand for workers Problems in Europe pushed immigrants to America Population and economy grew even more (power grew)!

15. Problems What problems were created by these changes? Accidents, unfair working conditions, and child labor Nativists (preserve the country for the native born) – Blamed immigrants for problems – Started the Know-Nothing Party: won 21%in the 1856 election based on closing U.S. borders.

16. Know Nothing Flag

17. African Americans Problems continued: Faced discrimination Competition from immigrants Limited success: William Whipper (lumber), Henry Boyd (carpenter), Henry Blair (lawyer), and Macon Allen (journalist and editor) Many gave money and provided evidence of their worth to the Abolitionist Movement Wealthy Lumberyard owner, William Whipper devoted much time and money to ending slavery

18. How did life and the economy in the North create more sectionalism? It made the North more _______________ = different Over time it made the North more ________________ Industrial Revolution helped lead to _______________ (movements to fix problems) Population growth = more _____________ in gov’t!

19. What does it all mean? How did life and the economy in the North create more sectionalism? The North was more diverse = different Made the North more tolerant Helped lead to reform movements (to fix problems) North and Midwest became one region! Population growth = more power in government! North was advancing and progressing = in all areas of life!

20. North or South? The Answer is North – this is a child who worked in a Northern Factory (no school of course)

21. North or South? The Answer is North – these are immigrants getting off a boat to America in the North – they are here for the jobs

22. North or South? The Answer is North – this is a picture of a Northern factory town in the Industrial Revolution

23. What do you see?

24. Southern Economy What was the Southern economy like? Cotton gin brought back slavery. Plantations made up small amount of farms Brought in a most of the money Most southerners had small farms with few if any slaves. The graph compares cotton to other exports – you can see they mirror each other. It must have been pretty important for everyone

25. Factories in the South? What industry existed in the South? Why? Small amounts to produce products for the farm. Why was their so little? Did not need them. Southerners wanted things from Europe. Environment was good for farming. The Tredegar Iron Works in Richmond VA were at the center of Southern industry. However, they wouldn’t be enough if the South was cut off from the North and Europe

26. How is this a problem? This shows the cotton exportsThis shows the value of slaves

27. Problems? What were the problems with the southern economy (dependence)? Needed the North and Europe. For factories, goods, and banks. Led to resentment (bad feelings)! South only had cotton and slavery

28. Southern Society What was Southern Social Structure like? Planters (sometimes known as the “Cottonocracy”): 3 % of the people. Owned 20 or more slaves. Had all the power

29. Southern Society What was Southern Social Structure like? Small Farmers 75 % of southern whites. Might have one or two slaves.

30. Southern Society What was Southern Social Structure like? Poor Whites Did not own land that they farmed.

31. Southern Society What was Southern Social Structure like? Free African Americans: 2% of the population Had no rights or protection Norbert Rillieux invented a machine that refined sugar

32. Southern Society What was Southern Social Structure like? Enslaved African Americans One third of southern population by 1860. Worked 12 - 14 hours a day. Most in the field. Had to live by the Slave Codes – kept slaves from running away, rebelling, or even educating themselves. No rights at all.

33. Southern Society Enslaved African Americans continued: Only protection was that slaves were needed to work. Families were broken up often on purpose. Often only hope was the religion that the masters let them worship.

34. Results of Southern Society? What was the result of Southern Social Structure? Almost all whites supported slavery. Poor whites often the loudest supporters. Slavery was the basis of the most powerful people’s fortunes – protected it with all that they could.

35. Results of Southern Society Slave uprisings: In 1832, Nat Turner led a violent revolt killing more than 57 whites. Led to the murder of innocent African Americans and a growing fear in the white community. Results Continued: How do you know this is a Southern view of Nat Turner’s revolt?

36. North or South? The Answer is South – these are slaves harvesting cotton on a Southern Plantation

37. North or South? The Answer is South – these are slaves carrying harvested tobacco on a Southern Plantation

38. North or South? The Answer is South – this is a plantation mansion (notice the surroundings!

39. How do you know?