1. Rome’s Republic was shaped by a struggle between wealthy landowners and regular citizens as it gradually expanded the right to vote. Chapter 8 Section 2 By: Mrs. Deborah Thompson Chapter 8 Section 2 By: Mrs. Deborah Thompson Hello History Students!! Hello History Students!!

3. Early Romans were divided into two classes: PatriciansWealthy landowners landowners who made up Rome’s ruling class.Plebeians Group which included artisans, shopkeepers, and owners of small farms. of small farms. they had less social status and could not hold public office. Both were Roman citizens with the right to vote,the responsibility to pay taxes, and serve in the army.

4. The top government officials were consuls from the from thepatricianclass. Two consuls were chosen each year to head the army and run the government. Each consul could veto or reject the other’s decision. decision.Praetors were chosen to act as judges and interpret the law.

5. Rome’s most important legislative or lawmaking body 300 patrician men who served for life. They proposed laws, held debates on important issues and approved building programs. Who made the Laws? Another Legislative body that: 1.elected consuls and praetors 2. passed laws. Another Legislative body that: 1.elected consuls and praetors 2. passed laws.

6. These are the steps to … In 287 B.C. the Council of the Plebs gained the power to pass laws for all Romans. As a result: Eventually Tribunes won the right to veto government decisions, Plebeians were allowed to marry Patricians and become consuls. After that: Plebeians became angry about their lack of power in the Roman Republic. They went on strike, refused to serve in the army, and left the city to set up their own republic. The Patricians agreed to allow Plebeians to set up their own body of representatives called the Council of the Plebs with elected Tribunes to represent them. First: Next: Then: What happene d?

7. An unusual feature of the Roman Republic was the office of dictator. An unusual feature of the Roman Republic was the office of dictator. Roman dictators had complete control, but served the people and ruled on a temporary basis during emergencies. Roman dictators had complete control, but served the people and ruled on a temporary basis during emergencies.

10. A loyal and devoted citizen who was to become dictator when a powerful enemy had surrounded the Roman army. The best known early Roman dictator. The best known early Roman dictator. Defeated the enemy quickly, gave up the position of dictator and returned to his farm. Defeated the enemy quickly, gave up the position of dictator and returned to his farm. The inspiration for George Washington The inspiration for George Washington

12. Became the basis for all future Roman laws and established the principle that all free citizens had the right to be treated equally by the legal system. Became the basis for all future Roman laws and established the principle that all free citizens had the right to be treated equally by the legal system. The Twelve Tables were placed in the Forum, Rome’s marketplace. The Twelve Tables were placed in the Forum, Rome’s marketplace. Rome’s first code of laws was the Twelve Tables. it was demanded by the Plebeians. Rome’s first code of laws was the Twelve Tables. it was demanded by the Plebeians. One of Rome’s chief gifts to the world was its system of law. it was the model for the government of the United States. One of Rome’s chief gifts to the world was its system of law. it was the model for the government of the United States.

13. As the Romans took over more lands, new rules were needed to solve legal disputes between citizens and non-citizens. As the Romans took over more lands, new rules were needed to solve legal disputes between citizens and non-citizens. They created a collection of laws called the Law of Nations that stated principles of justice that applied to all people everywhere and included: They created a collection of laws called the Law of Nations that stated principles of justice that applied to all people everywhere and included: A person is seen as innocent until proven guilty. A person is seen as innocent until proven guilty. People accused of crimes could defend themselves. People accused of crimes could defend themselves.

14. The Romans established the rule of law : the idea that the law should apply to everyone equally and that all people should be treated the same way by the law. The Romans established the rule of law : the idea that the law should apply to everyone equally and that all people should be treated the same way by the law.

15. Rome slowly destroyed the Carthaginian Empire and took control of the entire Mediterranean region. Rome slowly destroyed the Carthaginian Empire and took control of the entire Mediterranean region.

16.  While Rome developed it’s government, it also faced challenges abroad.  Their enemy was the state of Carthage on the coast of North Africa and southern Europe.  Founded by the Phoenicians, Carthage ruled a great trading empire and made itself the largest and richest city in the western Mediterranean.  While Rome developed it’s government, it also faced challenges abroad.  Their enemy was the state of Carthage on the coast of North Africa and southern Europe.  Founded by the Phoenicians, Carthage ruled a great trading empire and made itself the largest and richest city in the western Mediterranean.

18. Both Carthage and Rome wanted control of Sicily and went to War for it in 264 B.C Both Carthage and Rome wanted control of Sicily and went to War for it in 264 B.C It was called the First Punic War. Punicus is Latin for Phoenician. It was called the First Punic War. Punicus is Latin for Phoenician. The Romans built a large fleet of ships and fought 20 years to defeat the Carthaginians The Romans built a large fleet of ships and fought 20 years to defeat the Carthaginians Sicily came under Roman rule. Sicily came under Roman rule.

20. After losing Sicily, Carthage began to expand it’s empire into southern Spain close to the Roman borders. After losing Sicily, Carthage began to expand it’s empire into southern Spain close to the Roman borders. Rome became angry and encouraged people in Spain to rebel. Rome became angry and encouraged people in Spain to rebel. Carthage sent it’s greatest general, Hannibal, to attack Rome and take the war to Italy. Carthage sent it’s greatest general, Hannibal, to attack Rome and take the war to Italy. The Second Punic War began.

23. Hannibal’s strategy was to take the war to Italy. He took 46,000 men, many horses, and 37 elephants and crossed the Alps into Italy. Many died. He took 46,000 men, many horses, and 37 elephants and crossed the Alps into Italy. Many died. Hannibal defeated the Romans at the Battle of Cannae by overpowering them. Hannibal defeated the Romans at the Battle of Cannae by overpowering them. A Roman army led by Scipio attacked Carthage and Hannibal was forced to return home. A Roman army led by Scipio attacked Carthage and Hannibal was forced to return home. Scipio defeated the Carthagians and forced them to give up Spain. Rome now ruled the Mediterranean. Scipio defeated the Carthagians and forced them to give up Spain. Rome now ruled the Mediterranean.

26. 1. Hannibal’s strategy was to take the war to Italy. 2. He took 46,000 men, many horses, and 37 elephants and crossed the Alps into Italy. Many died. 3. Hannibal defeated the Romans at the Battle of Cannae by overpowering them. 4. A Roman army led by Scipio attacked Carthage and Hannibal was forced to return home. 5. Scipio defeated the Carthaginians and forced them to give up Spain. Rome now ruled the Mediterranean.

29.  Carthage remained a trading center until 146 B.C. Rome finally destroyed it in the Third Punic War.  The Romans burned Carthage and enslaved 50,000 men, women and children.  Legends say they scattered salt to destroy the land for agriculture.  Carthage remained a trading center until 146 B.C. Rome finally destroyed it in the Third Punic War.  The Romans burned Carthage and enslaved 50,000 men, women and children.  Legends say they scattered salt to destroy the land for agriculture.