1. The Open Ocean The Atlantic By: Heather Smith and Elizabeth Mynhier

2. Climate The ocean’s climate is very diverse depending on what latitude you are at. In the Arctic and Antarctic Circles, the weather is relatively calm and cold. The Antarctic is the colder of the two because it has more landmass, which can freeze. The tropics near the equator stay warm and have a wet and a dry season. This are is also home to the doldrums. The places in between can have raging storms and hurricanes, or calm weather. There are four seasons.

3. Producers in the Open Ocean Photic Zone – Green, red, brown, and fire algaes – Sea weed Disphotic Zone and Aphotois Zone – Phytoplankton Bacteria and other small organisms that produce energy from the small amount of light in the deep ocean. – Archaea Living in Hydrothermal vents, they are one of the only known chemosynthisisers. They are adapted to turn chemicals in their surroundings into energy.

4. Consumers in the Open Ocean Photic Zone: – Manatee They are an endangered species, but can adapt to warmer climates. – Green Sea Turtles They are long-migration animals, and are endangered.

5. Consumers in the Open Ocean Disphotic Zone: – Starfish – Angelfish – Octupus – Sea Anemone Aphotois Zone – Sperm Whale – Conch – Squid

6. Human Effects An estimated 100 million tons of trash is floating in the middle of the North Pacific, and covers an area twice the size of the United States. On isolated beaches in Hawaii, two-foot deep sand is actually 80 per cent plastic bits now. Cruise Ships create 197,400 gallons of waste as well as a ton of garbage a day, incinerating 75- 85% of it which releases harmful chemicals into the air, and dumping ask and sewage sludge directly into the ocean.

7. Human Effects Near the Southern Atlantic gyre, scientists “counted hundreds of large floating objects, including fishing buoys, nets, buckets, crates, water bottles and construction hard hats”. The largest amount of plastic content in the atlantic—83%—is in an area known as the North Atlantic subtropical gyre, reaching from the latitude of Baltimore to that of the Bahamas

8. Protection for the Open Ocean Many Marine Animals are put on the endangered species list. The Mid-Atlantic Council on the Ocean (MARCO) is working to get the ocean conditions improved. – It’s area stretches from New York to Virginia Sea turtle proof-nets have been produced.

9. Protection for the Open Ocean Sea turtle proof-nets have been produced.

10. Natural Capital Petroleum Sand and gravel aggregates Salt Water – Campbell's soup? Fishing – Whaling  – Shark fishing – Large net fishing

11. Bibliography http://seagrant.gso.uri.edu/factsheets/phytoplankton.html http://www.alternet.org/story/77501/first_map_of_human_impacts_on_oceans_released http://www.thedailygreen.com/environmental-news/latest/cruise-ship-pollution-460810 http://www.americanrecycler.com/0211/798plastic.shtml http://www.allgov.com/news/controversies/plastic-pollution-in-the-atlantic- ocean?news=841327 http://www.allgov.com/news/controversies/plastic-pollution-in-the-atlantic- ocean?news=841327 http://www.enchantedlearning.com/biomes/ocean/twilight http://oceana.org/sites/default/files/o/fileadmin/oceana/uploads/turtles/Trouble4Turtles_W ebFinal.pdf http://oceana.org/sites/default/files/o/fileadmin/oceana/uploads/turtles/Trouble4Turtles_W ebFinal.pdf http://library.thinkquest.org/06aug/01219/will%20stuff.htm http://www.earthsendangered.com/list.asp http://students.umf.maine.edu/katie.l.thomas/public.www/Oceans%20Webpage/Atlantic%2 0Ocean/Atlantic%20Ocean%20Creatures%20Webpage.html http://students.umf.maine.edu/katie.l.thomas/public.www/Oceans%20Webpage/Atlantic%2 0Ocean/Atlantic%20Ocean%20Creatures%20Webpage.html