1. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 6E PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION Sixth Edition by Karen Huffman PowerPoint  Lecture Notes Presentation Chapter 10 Life Span Development II Paul J. Wellman Texas A&M University

2. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 6E Lecture Overview Moral Development Personality Development over the Life Span Bereavement and Grief

3. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 6E Moral Thought At different points in our lives, we exhibit different forms of thoughts and beliefs regarding moral behavior Kohlberg examined moral thought by asking people of various ages to comment on moral situations evident in a vignette: –“Heinz steals an expensive drug in order to save the life of his wife who suffers from cancer”

4. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 6E Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development

5. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 6E Temperament Temperament refers to the basic disposition of a person Thomas and Chess categorized infants into 3 temperament types: –Easy children are mostly happy, relaxed and agreeable (40 %) –Difficult children are moody, easily frustrated, over-reactive (10 %) –Slow-to-warm-up children are somewhat shy and withdrawn, take time to adjust (15 %)

6. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 6E Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory  Trust vs mistrust (0-1 year)  Autonomy vs shame and doubt (1-3 years)  Initiative vs guilt (3-6 years)  Industry vs inferiority (6 yrs to puberty)  Identity vs role confusion  Intimacy vs isolation  Generativity vs stagnation  Ego integrity vs despair

7. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 6E Parenting Styles Baumrind noted that parenting style has an impact on children’s personality –Authoritarian parents value obedience and mature responsibility, their children are moody, aggressive, and have poor communication skills –Authoritative parents are caring and sensitive toward their children but set firm limits; their children become self-reliant, self-controlled and high achieving

8. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 6E Permissive parents: –Indifferent-permissive parents set few limits and provide minimal interest; their children have poor self-control and poor social skills –Indulgent-permissive parents are highly involved but place few demands on their children; their offspring tend to be impulsive, immature, and out of control

9. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 6E Family Violence Family violence is associated with: –Marital conflict –Substance abuse (especially alcohol) –Mental disorders –Economic stress Unemployment Large number of children

10. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 6E Teen Pregnancy The US has one of the highest rates of teen pregnancy (52.3 per 1000) and the percentage of unwed teen mothers is increasing –Such mothers are at risk for a lifetime of poverty Adolescent pregnancy is a risk for both mother and child –Developmental issues for teen mothers Education/Prevention programs can have some success

11. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 6E Marital Satisfaction Over the Life Span

12. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 6E Bereavement and Grief Thanatology is the study of death and dying Death is understood in terms of: –Permanence: once a thing dies, it stays dead –Universality: all living things eventually die –Nonfunctionality: all living functions cease at death

13. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 6E Grief Reactions Grief reactions include: –Numbness: person is dazed and confused, may deny that death has occurred –Yearning is an intense longing for the dead person –Disorientation and despair: person is listless and apathetic –Resolution: person accepts and understands and loss

14. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 6E Death is the Last Crisis of Life Kubler-Ross has studied people’s reactions to their impending death: –Denial: “I won’t die!” –Anger: “It isn’t fair!!!!!!%$#*&” –Bargaining: “God, I will do x if you let me live...” –Depression: “Wahhh” –Acceptance: “It is my time to go…”

15. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 6E Copyright Copyright 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY. All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission of the copyright owner.