1. Breath Analysis by Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy Joseph Guss Department of Physical Chemistry University of Helsinki

2. Diagnosis Cavity ring down spectroscopy Breath transferred to cell Patient Diseases Overall Schematic Biomarkers

3. Lab photo Scanning range 6350 – 6575 cm -1 1520 – 1575 nm Sensitivity 5  10 -10 cm -1 Hz - 1/2

4. Breath Spectrum K. Stamyr, O. Vaittinen, J. Jaakola, J. Guss, M. Metsälä, G. Johanson, and L. Halonen, Biomarkers, in press as of April 2009.

5. Breath gasFormulaAverage fraction methaneCH 4 2-10 carbon monoxideCO1-10 acetone(CH 3 ) 2 CO0-1 ammoniaNH 3 50-800 isopreneC5H8C5H8 50-200 nitric oxideNO10-50 nitrous oxideNO 2 1-20 ethaneC2H6C2H6 0-10 pentaneC 5 H 12 0-10 carbonyl sulfideOCS0-10 Endogenous trace gases in breath ppm ppb

6. Diseases DiseaseBiomarker schizophreniapentane, CS 2 [1] angina pectorisCO hyperbilirubinemiaCO [2] diabetes (type 2)acetone asthmaNO liver diseasesOCS, NH 3 lung cancerVOCs Helicobacter pylori infection CO 2 (urea breath test) Diseases and biomarkers in breath 1. Journal of Clinical Pathology (1994) September, 47(9), 870. 2. Pediatrics International (2001) 43, 329–333

7. Has been shown to cause stomach ulcers 2005 Nobel Prize in medicine: Warren and Marshall Helicobacter pylori © The Nobel Prize committee for Physiology or Medicine

8. Possibility of direct measurement of ammonia (NH 2 ) 2 CO + H 2 O CO 2 + 2NH 3 urease Helicobacter pylori

9. 13 C urea breath test

10. Ammonia in raw breath samples

11. Change in ammonia concentration after ingestion of 13 C urea

12. Thanks € Emil Aaltosen Säätiö Helsinki »Dr Florian Schmidt »Dr Olavi Vaittinen »Janne Jaakola »Prof. Lauri Halonen »Markus Metsälä Stockholm » Kristin Stamyr » Gunnar Johanson Tampere » Tapani Ahola » Mika Kähönen » Terho Lehtimäki