1. The Experiment: Hunting for Causes
Ch 1
Sec 6
Pages 26-30

2. Objectives Define experiments- Need this for whole year!
Create An example of an experiment
Formulate a flow chart of variables in a psychological experiment
List the items for psychological experiment guidelines

3. experiments in psychology
Descriptive studies are nice….HOWEVER
Experimental method is great for cause of behavior
Experiment allows researcher to Control or manipulate, the situation being studied
Not just an observer; NOT LIKE naturalistic observation
Can actively seek cause and effect

4. Shock Experiment

5. What do you see?

6. Ethical Guidelines APA has code of ethics
Informed consent- Subjects must be informed so they can make intelligent decision
Protect physical and mental harm
Animals and Humane treatment

7. Experimental variables= Looking for relationship
Ask A question .. Do cigarettes effect driving?
Nicotine in cigarettes improves reaction time
THEREFORE give ½ subjects cigs, half placebo; then test driving
Independent Variable- changed or manipulated by researcher
Dependent Variable- Reaction of subject, behavior…Outcome, depends on I.V.
I.V. cigs, placebo. D.V. driving, wrecks

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9. Experimental and Control Conditions
Experiments usually require experiment condition AND control condition
Control Condition- People, subjects, treated exactly like those in ex. Con. HOWEVER not given same treatment or manipulation or stimulus of I.V.
As a result 2 groups; Experimental group, control group

10. Experimental/ Control Conditions cont.
Random assignment- Desire age, gender, socioeconomic difference So give numbers then say odds over here- even over hear.
F.E. class cards
Placebo- Fake treatment

11. Experiment effects
Expectations of subs/researchers can influence study
Single-blind study- Participants DO NOT KNOW if they are in control group or experimental . group
Experimenter effects- Tone of voice, facial expressions, posture can effect peoples responses
Double Blind study- Researcher doesn’t know groups either

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Experimenter effects
Unintended changes in subjects’ behavior due to cues inadvertently given by the experimenter.
Strategies for preventing experimenter effects include single- and double-blind studies.

13. Advantages and Limitations of Experiments
Cause and effect and Placebo= positive
Negative-
Participants not represent group accurately
Researcher makes the questions
Field Research- Uses descriptive and experimental methods
F.E. study prejudice in schools and lab

14. Summary Time! Variables Experiments, groups, conditions
Experimenter effects