1. OBJ: I WILL DESCRIBE COMMON FORMS OF HEAT ILLNESSES AND THEIR CAUSES OBJ: I WILL DESCRIBE COLD ILLNESSES AND THEIR CAUSES OBJ: I WILL DESCRIBE METHODS FOR THE PREVENTION OF HEAT AND COLD ILLNESSES Heat and Cold Illnesses

2. Review Types of Bleeding and Shock Arterial Bleeding Venous Bleeding Capillary Bleeding Hemorrhagic Shock Anaphylactic Shock Psychogenic Shock Metabolic Shock Symptoms of Shock: draw face with signs Treatment: Call 911, Keep calm, Supine position, blanket, monitor breathing

3. Review: Types of Bleeding and Shock Partner Assignment Create Animoto picture and word movie. Include: 1. Demonstrate and identify type of shock 2. Demonstrate and identify at least 4 signs and symptoms of shock  Do additional research if needed 3. Demonstrate and identify at least 4 treatment options to prevent death Note: Demonstrate= act out and take pic Identify= words to describe pic

4. Korey Stringer Korey Stringer, an offensive tackle for the Minnesota Vikings, died early yesterday, a day after collapsing from heatstroke at the Vikings' training camp in Mankato, Minn. His death sparked discussion and review of training camp procedures in extreme heat throughout the National Football League. Stringer, 27, a 6-foot-4-inch, 335-pound league all-star who was entering his seventh professional season, complained of exhaustion after being unable to complete practice on Monday morning in the Vikings' first practice of training camp and was carted off the field. He did not practice Monday afternoon, and he vowed to return on Tuesday for the morning session, which he did. It lasted nearly two and a half hours, and players were in full pads. Temperatures hovered above 90 degrees and the humidity was stifling. The heat index, combining the effects of temperature and humidity, hit 110. Stringer vomited three times in practice and walked to an air-conditioned shelter. There he complained of dizziness and became weak and began breathing heavily. Stringer was driven by ambulance to Immanuel St. Joseph's-Mayo Health System, where his temperature was 108 degrees upon arrival. He was unconscious until he died at 1:50 a.m.

5. The Hydration Impact: The Korey Stringer Story http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4iVxWH_s60

6. Heat Stress A condition that occurs when the body cannot maintain homeostasis and the body temperature begins to rise (hyperthermia).  The hypothalamus of the brain is in control of regulating body temperature

7. Assessing the Risk There are certain risks that increase the chance of suffering from heat stress  Athletes need to be well hydrated, rested and in good physical condition for temperature regulation work properly  Poor condition causes the body to work harder, putting more strain on the hypothalamus The heat index combines temperature and humidity to provide a reference point for various levels of risk associated with exercise under hot and humid conditions  The greater the heat index, the more moisture in the air.  The body progressively loses its ability to adequately evaporate moisture These risks can cause potentially dangerous increases to core temperature

10. Athletic Activity Guidelines Bright Yellow Zone  CAUTION: Normal practice for athletes, closely monitor new or unconditioned athletes or all athletes during extreme exertion. Schedule mandatory rest / water breaks. (5 min water / rest break every 25 min) Gold Zone  EXTREME CAUTION: New or unconditioned athletes should not practice. Well conditioned athletes should have more frequent rest breaks and hydration as well as cautious monitoring for symptoms of heat illness. Schedule frequent mandatory rest / water breaks. (5 min water / rest break every 20 min) Have immersion pool on site for practice. Orange Zone  DANGER: All athletes must be under constant observation and supervision. Remove pads and equipment. Schedule frequent mandatory rest / water breaks. (5 min water / rest break every 15 min) Have immersion pool on site for practice. Dark Red Zone  EXTREME DANGER: SUSPEND PRACTICE How have your practices or games been affected on days of extreme heat?

11. Sports Science Extreme Heat http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0yxigvbx3Ts

12. General Care of Heat Illnesses There are varying degrees of heat-illnesses but even the milder ones can become life threatening if not properly treated or managed Methods of Treatment  Reduce body temperature  Moving victim to cool location, removing unnecessary clothing, pouring cool water over extremities  Fanning the victim  Increases air circulation and evaporation  Immerse victim in cool water  Extremities should be massaged to promote circulation of cool blood

13. Avoiding Heat-related Illnesses Keys to avoid heat-related illnesses  Prevention  Being aware of the environment  Acclimatization  Proper Hydration Heat-related illness include  Dehydration  Sunburns  Heat cramps  Heat Syncope  Heat Exhaustion  Heat Stroke

14. Dehydration Dehydration in athletics occurs when you use or lose more fluid than you take in, and your body doesn't have enough water and other fluids to carry out its normal functions. Early Symptoms:  Light yellow urine  Mild headache  Fatigue  Reduced endurance and oxygen uptake  Feelings of thirst Serious dehydration  Disorientation  Irritability  No urine output  Rapid pulse  Complete exhaustion

15. Treatment for Dehydration The best treatment is prevention Treatment for Dehydration: Stop your activity and rest. Get out of direct sunlight and lie down in a cool spot Prop up your feet Take off any extra clothes. Drink a rehydration drink, water, juice, or sports drink to replace fluids and minerals Rest for 24 hours

16. Sunburns Caused by overexposure to UV light from the sun  Can lead to premature aging and skin cancer Medical attention should be sought if the burn is severe enough to cause blistering Treatment  Cold washcloth  Use of over-the-counter pain medication  Moisturizing lotion or aloe vera gel can help relieve itching and provide moisture Prevention  Use of sunscreen on exposed skin  Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of 15 or greater

17. Heat Cramps Heat cramps are very common and should not be overlooked because they can be the first stage of heat illness  Caused by rapid water and electrolyte loss Occur in various muscles  Calf (most common)  Quadriceps  Hamstrings  Abdominals Treatment  Slow passive stretching with ice  Immediate fluid and electrolyte replacement

18. Heat Cramps

19. Heat Syncope Occurs when the body tries to cool itself through the dilation of blood vessels  Also called fainting Symptoms  Lightheadedness  Dizziness  Headache  Nausea  Vomiting Treatment  Drinking fluids  Stop activity

20. Heat Exhaustion A condition of near-total body collapse, where the athlete experiences difficulty dissipating the heat. Symptoms  Skin is cool, moist and pale  Generalized weakness  Dizziness  Nausea  Rapid breathing  Weak, rapid pulse  May progress to heat stroke if not treated Treatment  Moving the athlete to the shade  Immediate fluid replacement  Cooling the body  Use ice towels if necessary

22. Heat Stroke The most severe heat-related condition, where the body’s heat regulation breaks down Symptoms  Dry, hot skin  Strong, rapid pulse  Possible mental confusion  Unconsciousness Treatment  Move the athlete to shade  Cool immediately by removing unnecessary clothing  Icing with towels with ice packs in axilla and groin areas  Misting and fanning the skin  Call 911 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Sh3SFgmGc4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4cUddZEom0k

23. Cold Illnesses

24. Review Heat Illnesses Identify heat illness and treatment options With no urine output

26. Sports Science: Cold Weather http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=59PEmRIMTo0

27. Cold Stress There are 5 ways that the body loses heat  Respiration  Evaporation  Conduction  Radiation  Convection Contributing factors  Cold temperatures  High or cold winds  Dampness  Cold water The body has to work harder to maintain its temperature

28. Evaporation Rids the body of heat with every expiration Respiration Evaporation of perspiration and other moisture from skin causes body to lose heat

29. Conduction When the body is in direct contact with a cooler object. Heat from the body flows to the cooler object  Ex. Sitting on cool ground or standing/swimming in cool water

30. Radiation Transfer of heat by infrared rays.  Just as the body gains heat from infrared rays of the sun, it can lose heat by infrared rays to a cooler environment.

31. Convection Occurs when heat near the body’s surface is removed by moving air  Wind, cool breeze

32. Wind Chill Describes the rate of heat loss on the human body resulting from the combined effects of low temperature and wind  Wind-chill temperature is a measure of relative discomfort due to combined cold and wind  Developed in 1941 and revised in 2001 to make use of advances in science and technology Wind-chill temperatures near or below 0 degrees F indicate a risk of frostbite to exposed flesh

34. Hypothermia When heat from the body is lost (from being in a cold environment) faster than it can be replaced Symptoms  Begin when body temp drops to 95  Shivering  As body temp continues to drop  Slurred speech  Lack of coordination  Memory loss  Unconsciousness after body temp reaches 85  Death may occur around 78

35. Treatment for Hypothermia 1. Call 911 2. Restore Warmth Slowly Get the person indoors. Remove wet clothing and dry the person off, if needed. Warm the person's trunk first, not hands and feet. Warming extremities first can cause shock. Warm the person by wrapping him or her in blankets or putting dry clothing on the person. Do not immerse the person in warm water. Rapid warming can cause heart arrhythmia. 3. Begin CPR, if necessary, while warming person 4. Give Warm Fluids Give the person a warm drink, if conscious. Avoid caffeine or alcohol

36. Frostbite When skin tissues and blood vessels are damaged from exposure to temperatures below 32 degrees F  Commonly affects toes, fingers, earlobes, chin, cheeks, and nose

37. 3 Stages of Frostbite Stage 1 – Frostnip  pins-and-needles sensation  skin turns very white and soft Stage 2 - Superficial frostbite  May show blistering  Skin is numb, waxy, and frozen  Ice crystal form in the skin Stage 3 – Deep Frostbite  Freezing of blood vessels, muscles, tendons, nerves, and bone.  Can lead to permanent damage, blood clots, gangrene  No feeling in the affected area  Usually no blistering  Serious infection and loss of limb is frequent  Medical attention is needed as soon as possible

38. Treatment of Frostbite Emergency care should be provided. If it is not possible to immediately transport to a hospital, the following steps will help:  Bring the individual indoors as soon as possible  Apply warm towels or immerse the area in circulating lukewarm water or 20 minutes. Leave any blisters  Do not use hot water or hold the affected area near fire  Offer warm fluids to the athlete, but never alcohol, which causes the blood to cool quickly  Keep the affected areas raised.

39. Assignment Quiz Assess your current knowledge and comprehension of information by completing the assignment quiz.

40. Partner Bingo Place the following words on your bingo boards:  Dehydration  Sunburns  Heat cramps  Heat Syncope  Heat Exhaustion  Heat Stroke  Respiration  Evaporation  Conduction  Radiation  Convection  Hypothermia  Frostbite  Hemorrhagic Shock  Anaphylactic shock  Psychogenic shock