1. There are Physical and logical network layout. Physical : Topology of a network refers to the configuration of cables, computers, and other peripherals. Logical : The method used to pass information between workstations. The kinds of topologies : (Point to point,Bus, Ring, Star, Mesh,and Tree).

2. A hub is typically the least expensive, least intelligent. Its job is very simple ; anything that comes in one port is sent out to the others. A switch is a smart device. it can "learn" where particular addresses are. sends on incoming messages to all ports hub switch

3. connects two nodes directly together. The easiest network in the topology. Two computers communicating via modems. A mainframe terminal communicating with a front end processor.

4. Uses backbone to which all of the computers on the network connect. consists of a main run of cable with a terminator at each end. pro: Cheap and easy to implement. Require less cable. con: Network disruption when computers are added or removed. A break in the backbone will prevent all systems from accessing the network. Difficult to troubleshoot.

5. Meaning that data travels in circular fashion from one computer to another on the network. pro: Cable faults are easily located, making troubleshooting easier. Ring networks are moderately easy to install. Con : Expansion to the network can cause network disruption. A single break in the cable can disrupt the entire network.

6. All computers/devices connect to a central device ( hub or switch ). The most common topology. pro: Easy to add new computers. Easy to troubleshoot problems. con: If the central device break all the network will not work. Requires more cable. More difficult to implement.

7. Each computer connects to every other. pro: Provides redundant paths between devices. The network can be expanded without disruption to current uses. con: Requires more cable than the other LAN topologies. Complicated implementation.

8. combines characteristics of bus and star topologies. allows for the expansion of an existing network. pro: Supported by several hardware and software venders. con: More difficult to configure and wire than other topologies

9. Trainees names : Abdullah Dhafer Al-Shehri. Abdullah Salem Haddadi.